【View System】LayoutParams

引言

LayoutParams are used by views to tell their parents how they want to be laid out. See ViewGroup Layout Attributes for a list of all child view attributes that this class supports.

Base LayoutParams

部分类的继承关系：

根据 ViewGroup.LayoutParams 的帮助文档，ViewGroup.LayoutParams 已知的直接子类和间接子类如下所示：

Known Direct Subclasses AbsListView.LayoutParams,  AbsoluteLayout.LayoutParams,  Gallery.LayoutParams,  ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams,  ViewPager.LayoutParams, WindowManager.LayoutParams

Known Indirect Subclasses ActionBar.LayoutParams,  ActionMenuView.LayoutParams,  BaseCardView.LayoutParams,  DrawerLayout.LayoutParams,  FrameLayout.LayoutParams, GridLayout.LayoutParams,  GridLayoutManager.LayoutParams,  LinearLayout.LayoutParams,  LinearLayoutCompat.LayoutParams,  RadioGroup.LayoutParams, RecyclerView.LayoutParams,  RelativeLayout.LayoutParams,  SlidingPaneLayout.LayoutParams,  StaggeredGridLayoutManager.LayoutParams, TableLayout.LayoutParams,  TableRow.LayoutParams,  Toolbar.LayoutParams

可以看出，ViewGroup.LayoutParams 确实是所有 LayoutParams 类的基类

Source

ViewGroup.LayoutParams 的源码如下所示：

    /**
     * LayoutParams are used by views to tell their parents how they want to be
     * laid out. See
     * {@link android.R.styleable#ViewGroup_Layout ViewGroup Layout Attributes}
     * for a list of all child view attributes that this class supports.
     *
     * <p>
     * The base LayoutParams class just describes how big the view wants to be
     * for both width and height. For each dimension, it can specify one of:
     * <ul>
     * <li>FILL_PARENT (renamed MATCH_PARENT in API Level 8 and higher), which
     * means that the view wants to be as big as its parent (minus padding)
     * <li> WRAP_CONTENT, which means that the view wants to be just big enough
     * to enclose its content (plus padding)
     * <li> an exact number
     * </ul>
     * There are subclasses of LayoutParams for different subclasses of
     * ViewGroup. For example, AbsoluteLayout has its own subclass of
     * LayoutParams which adds an X and Y value.</p>
     *
     * <div class="special reference">
     * <h3>Developer Guides</h3>
     * <p>For more information about creating user interface layouts, read the
     * <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/declaring-layout.html">XML Layouts</a> developer
     * guide.</p></div>
     *
     * @attr ref android.R.styleable#ViewGroup_Layout_layout_height
     * @attr ref android.R.styleable#ViewGroup_Layout_layout_width
     */
    public static class LayoutParams {
        /**
         * Special value for the height or width requested by a View.
         * FILL_PARENT means that the view wants to be as big as its parent,
         * minus the parent's padding, if any. This value is deprecated
         * starting in API Level 8 and replaced by {@link #MATCH_PARENT}.
         */
        @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
        @Deprecated
        public static final int FILL_PARENT = -1;

        /**
         * Special value for the height or width requested by a View.
         * MATCH_PARENT means that the view wants to be as big as its parent,
         * minus the parent's padding, if any. Introduced in API Level 8.
         */
        public static final int MATCH_PARENT = -1;

        /**
         * Special value for the height or width requested by a View.
         * WRAP_CONTENT means that the view wants to be just large enough to fit
         * its own internal content, taking its own padding into account.
         */
        public static final int WRAP_CONTENT = -2;

        /**
         * Information about how wide the view wants to be. Can be one of the
         * constants FILL_PARENT (replaced by MATCH_PARENT ,
         * in API Level 8) or WRAP_CONTENT. or an exact size.
         */
        @ViewDebug.ExportedProperty(category = "layout", mapping = {
            @ViewDebug.IntToString(from = MATCH_PARENT, to = "MATCH_PARENT"),
            @ViewDebug.IntToString(from = WRAP_CONTENT, to = "WRAP_CONTENT")
        })
        public int width;

        /**
         * Information about how tall the view wants to be. Can be one of the
         * constants FILL_PARENT (replaced by MATCH_PARENT ,
         * in API Level 8) or WRAP_CONTENT. or an exact size.
         */
        @ViewDebug.ExportedProperty(category = "layout", mapping = {
            @ViewDebug.IntToString(from = MATCH_PARENT, to = "MATCH_PARENT"),
            @ViewDebug.IntToString(from = WRAP_CONTENT, to = "WRAP_CONTENT")
        })
        public int height;

        /**
         * Used to animate layouts.
         */
        public LayoutAnimationController.AnimationParameters layoutAnimationParameters;

        /**
         * Creates a new set of layout parameters. The values are extracted from
         * the supplied attributes set and context. The XML attributes mapped
         * to this set of layout parameters are:
         *
         * <ul>
         *   <li><code>layout_width</code>: the width, either an exact value,
         *   {@link #WRAP_CONTENT}, or {@link #FILL_PARENT} (replaced by
         *   {@link #MATCH_PARENT} in API Level 8)</li>
         *   <li><code>layout_height</code>: the height, either an exact value,
         *   {@link #WRAP_CONTENT}, or {@link #FILL_PARENT} (replaced by
         *   {@link #MATCH_PARENT} in API Level 8)</li>
         * </ul>
         *
         * @param c the application environment
         * @param attrs the set of attributes from which to extract the layout
         *              parameters' values
         */
        public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) {
            TypedArray a = c.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout);
            setBaseAttributes(a,
                    R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout_layout_width,
                    R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout_layout_height);
            a.recycle();
        }

        /**
         * Creates a new set of layout parameters with the specified width
         * and height.
         *
         * @param width the width, either {@link #WRAP_CONTENT},
         *        {@link #FILL_PARENT} (replaced by {@link #MATCH_PARENT} in
         *        API Level 8), or a fixed size in pixels
         * @param height the height, either {@link #WRAP_CONTENT},
         *        {@link #FILL_PARENT} (replaced by {@link #MATCH_PARENT} in
         *        API Level 8), or a fixed size in pixels
         */
        public LayoutParams(int width, int height) {
            this.width = width;
            this.height = height;
        }

        /**
         * Copy constructor. Clones the width and height values of the source.
         *
         * @param source The layout params to copy from.
         */
        public LayoutParams(LayoutParams source) {
            this.width = source.width;
            this.height = source.height;
        }

        /**
         * Used internally by MarginLayoutParams.
         * @hide
         */
        LayoutParams() {
        }

        /**
         * Extracts the layout parameters from the supplied attributes.
         *
         * @param a the style attributes to extract the parameters from
         * @param widthAttr the identifier of the width attribute
         * @param heightAttr the identifier of the height attribute
         */
        protected void setBaseAttributes(TypedArray a, int widthAttr, int heightAttr) {
            width = a.getLayoutDimension(widthAttr, "layout_width");
            height = a.getLayoutDimension(heightAttr, "layout_height");
        }

        /**
         * Resolve layout parameters depending on the layout direction. Subclasses that care about
         * layoutDirection changes should override this method. The default implementation does
         * nothing.
         *
         * @param layoutDirection the direction of the layout
         *
         * {@link View#LAYOUT_DIRECTION_LTR}
         * {@link View#LAYOUT_DIRECTION_RTL}
         */
        public void resolveLayoutDirection(int layoutDirection) {
        }

        /**
         * Returns a String representation of this set of layout parameters.
         *
         * @param output the String to prepend to the internal representation
         * @return a String with the following format: output +
         *         "ViewGroup.LayoutParams={ width=WIDTH, height=HEIGHT }"
         *
         * @hide
         */
        public String debug(String output) {
            return output + "ViewGroup.LayoutParams={ width="
                    + sizeToString(width) + ", height=" + sizeToString(height) + " }";
        }

        /**
         * Use {@code canvas} to draw suitable debugging annotations for these LayoutParameters.
         *
         * @param view the view that contains these layout parameters
         * @param canvas the canvas on which to draw
         *
         * @hide
         */
        public void onDebugDraw(View view, Canvas canvas, Paint paint) {
        }

        /**
         * Converts the specified size to a readable String.
         *
         * @param size the size to convert
         * @return a String instance representing the supplied size
         *
         * @hide
         */
        protected static String sizeToString(int size) {
            if (size == WRAP_CONTENT) {
                return "wrap-content";
            }
            if (size == MATCH_PARENT) {
                return "match-parent";
            }
            return String.valueOf(size);
        }
    }

    <!-- This is the basic set of layout attributes that are common to all
         layout managers.  These attributes are specified with the rest of
         a view's normal attributes (such as {@link android.R.attr#background},
         but will be parsed by the view's parent and ignored by the child.
        <p>The values defined here correspond to the base layout attribute
        class {@link android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams}. -->
    <declare-styleable name="ViewGroup_Layout">
        <!-- Specifies the basic width of the view.  This is a required attribute
             for any view inside of a containing layout manager.  Its value may
             be a dimension (such as "12dip") for a constant width or one of
             the special constants. -->
        <attr name="layout_width" format="dimension">
            <!-- The view should be as big as its parent (minus padding).
                 This constant is deprecated starting from API Level 8 and
                 is replaced by {@code match_parent}. -->
            <enum name="fill_parent" value="-1" />
            <!-- The view should be as big as its parent (minus padding).
                 Introduced in API Level 8. -->
            <enum name="match_parent" value="-1" />
            <!-- The view should be only big enough to enclose its content (plus padding). -->
            <enum name="wrap_content" value="-2" />
        </attr>

        <!-- Specifies the basic height of the view.  This is a required attribute
             for any view inside of a containing layout manager.  Its value may
             be a dimension (such as "12dip") for a constant height or one of
             the special constants. -->
        <attr name="layout_height" format="dimension">
            <!-- The view should be as big as its parent (minus padding).
                 This constant is deprecated starting from API Level 8 and
                 is replaced by {@code match_parent}. -->
            <enum name="fill_parent" value="-1" />
            <!-- The view should be as big as its parent (minus padding).
                 Introduced in API Level 8. -->
            <enum name="match_parent" value="-1" />
            <!-- The view should be only big enough to enclose its content (plus padding). -->
            <enum name="wrap_content" value="-2" />
        </attr>
    </declare-styleable>

注意事项

1.在开发过程中，获取一个Layout（例如，LinearLayout）中的VIew 的 LayoutParams 时，其应该是被实例化成 Layout.LayoutParams（例如，LinearLayout.LayoutParams）。若强制转化成其他子类的对象，将会报错。例如下面的程序：

package com.example.testactivity;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
	private static final boolean DEBUG = true;
	
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        LinearLayout linearLayout = new LinearLayout(this);
        FrameLayout frameLayout = new FrameLayout(this);
        View view = new View(this); 
        frameLayout.addView(view);
        linearLayout.addView(frameLayout);
        if (DEBUG) Log.e(TAG, "view: " + view.getLayoutParams().getClass().getName());
        if (DEBUG) Log.e(TAG, "frameLayout: " + frameLayout.getLayoutParams().getClass().getName());
        if (DEBUG) Log.e(TAG, "linearLayout: " + linearLayout.getLayoutParams());
    }
}

打印输出：

可以看出，因为 view 被放入 frameLayout 中，所以 view 的 LayoutParams 被实例化成了 FrameLayout.LayoutParams。同理， frameLayout 的 LayoutParams 被实例化成了 LinearLayout.LayoutParams。因为 linearLayout 没有自己设置一个 LayoutParams， 也没有一个放入任何一个容器，也没有放入屏幕中，比如 window。所以 linearLayout 没有 LayoutParams。与 WindowManager 相关的部分后面再谈。

2.在开发过程中，可以通过 View.getLeft() ，View.getTop() ， View.getRight() ， View.getBottom() 来获得一个视图在父布局中的相对坐标。