最近在公司做项目的时候涉及到了许多关于倒计时功能的开发,于是在这里做一下Calendar和CountDownTimer的学习总结:
先附上CountDownTimer样例代码:计时器使用案例传送门
Calendar
介绍
Calendar是JAVA中的非常实用的日历工具。
只要给他一个时间,你就可以非常轻松的得到这个时间的各种含义。比如,这是一年中的几月,这是一年中的第几天,这是一天中的第一秒等等。使用
1:声明
2:给这个Calendar添加时间
3:获取这个时间的信息。
private Calendar mBirthDayOfBaby;
//通过getInstance方法获取Calendar;
mBirthDayOfBaby=Calendar.getInstance();
//为Calendar设置时间与获取时间的信息
mBirthDayOfBaby.setTimeInMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
mTextview.setText(String.format("宝宝生日: %d年%02d月%02日", mBirthDayOfBaby.get(Calendar.YEAR), mBirthDayOfBaby.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1, mBirthDayOfBaby.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH)));
//不只是时间戳,其他具体年月日都可以设置给Calendar比如:
//mBirthDayOfBaby.set(2014, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0);
Tips
再提一下之前遇到的一种特殊情况:假如现在是“16”时,Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY.可能返回的是4,而不是16.这是因为系统设置上,你设置了12小时制,设置为24消失制,返回就正常了。
下面附上我们项目中在使用的一个CalendarUtils。是网友整合的,功能丰富,大家有需要也可以自己扩充,具体作者不记得了+。+还请包涵呀。代码较长,文章的最后附上。
CountDownTimer
- 介绍
倒计时是非常常见的功能,很多人开发过。这里谷歌官方给大家提供了一个CountDownTimer工具。最主要有两个功能
1:设置倒计时。
2:每个单位时间内的事件处理。
下面是源码,我加了一些注释,希望对各位看官有帮助。
//源码
/**
* Cancel the countdown.
*
* Do not call it from inside CountDownTimer threads
* 结束计时
*/
public final void cancel() {
mHandler.removeMessages(MSG);
mCancelled = true;
}
/**
* Start the countdown.
* 开始计时
*/
public synchronized final CountDownTimer start() {
if (mMillisInFuture <= 0) {
onFinish();
return this;
}
mStopTimeInFuture = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + mMillisInFuture;
mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG));
mCancelled = false;
return this;
}
/**
* Callback fired on regular interval.
* @param millisUntilFinished The amount of time until finished.
* 运行单位时间会调用一次。
*/
public abstract void onTick(long millisUntilFinished);
/**
* Callback fired when the time is up.
* 运行结束
*/
public abstract void onFinish();
// handles counting down
private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
synchronized (CountDownTimer.this) {
final long millisLeft = mStopTimeInFuture - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
//已结束
if (millisLeft <= 0) {
onFinish();
}
//剩余时间少于单位时间
else if (millisLeft < mCountdownInterval) {
// fix bug:
// onTick will lose, in last mCountdownInterval
onTick(millisLeft);
sendMessageDelayed(obtainMessage(MSG), millisLeft);
}
//未结束,剩余时间大于单位时间,可以正常倒计时
else {
long lastTickStart = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
onTick(millisLeft);
// take into account user's onTick taking time to execute
long delay = lastTickStart + mCountdownInterval - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
// special case: user's onTick took more than interval to
// complete, skip to next interval
while (delay < 0) delay += mCountdownInterval;
if (!mCancelled) {
sendMessageDelayed(obtainMessage(MSG), delay);
}
}
}
}
};
- 使用
1:编写已一个类如(RefreshLeftTimeTask)让骑继承自 CountDownTimer.并重写里面的onTick()以及onFinish()方法。
2:通过RefreshLeftTimeTask mTimeTask = new RefreshLeftTimeTask(millisInFuture, countDownInterval);得到你要的倒计时。第一参数表示结束时间戳,第二个参数表示倒计时的时间间隔。
3:代码中何时的位置打开或关闭倒计时
mRefreshLeftTimeTask.start();
mRefreshLeftTimeTask.cancel();
详情看样例代码:
//声明一个CountDownTimer类
private RefreshLeftTimeTask mRefreshLeftTimeTask;
private class RefreshLeftTimeTask extends CountDownTimer {
public RefreshLeftTimeTask(long millisInFuture, long countDownInterval) {
super(millisInFuture, countDownInterval);
}
//单位时间执行一次。我的计时器写在了ProductDetailActivity中,调用他的刷新页面方法。
@Override
public void onTick(long millisUntilFinished) {
ProductDetailActivity.this.onTickFreshUI();
}
//结束后的操作
@Override
public void onFinish() {
}
}
//倒计时开始
protected void startTimer() {
stopTimer();
mRefreshLeftTimeTask = getTimerTask();
if (mRefreshLeftTimeTask != null) {
mRefreshLeftTimeTask.start();
}
}
//倒计时结束
private void stopTimer() {
if (mRefreshLeftTimeTask == null) {
return;
}
mRefreshLeftTimeTask.cancel();
mRefreshLeftTimeTask = null;
}
protected void onTickFreshUI() {
//单位时间你要做的处理在这里写。
}
//可以根据自己的需求设置各类倒计时,这里放个最简单的计时器
public RefreshLeftTimeTask getTimerTask() {
RefreshLeftTimeTask mTimeTask = null;
mTimeTask = new RefreshLeftTimeTask(System.currentTimeMillis()+1000 * 60, 1000);
return mTimeTask;
}
封装好,在需要启动倒计时的时候(比如在 onCreate()时)调用startTimer()方法就可以了。
鄙人才疏学浅,可能博文中有诸多错误。请各位大神批评指正。同时希望对初学的朋友有点帮助。
最后是之前说的 CalendarUtils类,有需要的朋友自行复制即可。
附件 CalendarUtils类
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.ParsePosition;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
/**
* Android Calendar的运用
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class CalendarUtil {
private int weeks = 0;// 用来全局控制 上一周,本周,下一周的周数变化
private int MaxDate; // 一月最大天数
private int MaxYear; // 一年最大天数
public static void main(String[] args) {
CalendarUtil tt = new CalendarUtil();
System.out.println("获取当天日期:" + tt.getNowTime("yyyy-MM-dd"));
System.out.println("获取本周一日期:" + tt.getMondayOFWeek());
System.out.println("获取本周日的日期:" + tt.getCurrentWeekday());
System.out.println("获取上周一日期:" + tt.getPreviousWeekday());
System.out.println("获取上周日日期:" + tt.getPreviousWeekSunday());
System.out.println("获取下周一日期:" + tt.getNextMonday());
System.out.println("获取下周日日期:" + tt.getNextSunday());
System.out.println("获得相应周的周六的日期:" + tt.getNowTime("yyyy-MM-dd"));
System.out.println("获取本月第一天日期:" + tt.getFirstDayOfMonth());
System.out.println("获取本月最后一天日期:" + tt.getDefaultDay());
System.out.println("获取上月第一天日期:" + tt.getPreviousMonthFirst());
System.out.println("获取上月最后一天的日期:" + tt.getPreviousMonthEnd());
System.out.println("获取下月第一天日期:" + tt.getNextMonthFirst());
System.out.println("获取下月最后一天日期:" + tt.getNextMonthEnd());
System.out.println("获取本年的第一天日期:" + tt.getCurrentYearFirst());
System.out.println("获取本年最后一天日期:" + tt.getCurrentYearEnd());
System.out.println("获取去年的第一天日期:" + tt.getPreviousYearFirst());
System.out.println("获取去年的最后一天日期:" + tt.getPreviousYearEnd());
System.out.println("获取明年第一天日期:" + tt.getNextYearFirst());
System.out.println("获取明年最后一天日期:" + tt.getNextYearEnd());
System.out.println("获取本季度第一天:" + tt.getThisSeasonFirstTime(11));
System.out.println("获取本季度最后一天:" + tt.getThisSeasonFinallyTime(11));
System.out.println("获取两个日期之间间隔天数2008-12-1~2008-9.29:"
+ CalendarUtil.getTwoDay("2008-12-1", "2008-9-29"));
System.out.println("获取当前月的第几周:" + tt.getWeekOfMonth());
System.out.println("获取当前年份:" + tt.getYear());
System.out.println("获取当前月份:" + tt.getMonth());
System.out.println("获取今天在本年的第几天:" + tt.getDayOfYear());
System.out.println("获得今天在本月的第几天(获得当前日):" + tt.getDayOfMonth());
System.out.println("获得今天在本周的第几天:" + tt.getDayOfWeek());
System.out.println("获得半年后的日期:"
+ tt.convertDateToString(tt.getTimeYearNext()));
}
public static int getYear() {
return Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.YEAR);
}
public static int getMonth() {
return Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1;
}
public static int getDayOfYear() {
return Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
}
public static int getDayOfMonth() {
return Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
}
public static int getDayOfWeek() {
return Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
}
public static int getWeekOfMonth() {
return Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH);
}
public static Date getTimeYearNext() {
Calendar.getInstance().add(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR, 183);
return Calendar.getInstance().getTime();
}
public static String convertDateToString(Date dateTime) {
SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
return df.format(dateTime);
}
public static String getTwoDay(String sj1, String sj2) {
SimpleDateFormat myFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
long day = 0;
try {
java.util.Date date = myFormatter.parse(sj1);
java.util.Date mydate = myFormatter.parse(sj2);
day = (date.getTime() - mydate.getTime()) / (24 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
} catch (Exception e) {
return "";
}
return day + "";
}
public static String getWeek(String sdate) {
// 再转换为时间
Date date = CalendarUtil.strToDate(sdate);
Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
c.setTime(date);
// int hour=c.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
// hour中存的就是星期几了,其范围 1~7
// 1=星期日 7=星期六,其他类推
return new SimpleDateFormat("EEEE").format(c.getTime());
}
public static Date strToDate(String strDate) {
SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
ParsePosition pos = new ParsePosition(0);
Date strtodate = formatter.parse(strDate, pos);
return strtodate;
}
public static long getDays(String date1, String date2) {
if (date1 == null || date1.equals(""))
return 0;
if (date2 == null || date2.equals(""))
return 0;
// 转换为标准时间
SimpleDateFormat myFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
java.util.Date date = null;
java.util.Date mydate = null;
try {
date = myFormatter.parse(date1);
mydate = myFormatter.parse(date2);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
long day = (date.getTime() - mydate.getTime()) / (24 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
return day;
}
public String getDefaultDay() {
String str = "";
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Calendar lastDate = Calendar.getInstance();
lastDate.set(Calendar.DATE, 1);// 设为当前月的1号
lastDate.add(Calendar.MONTH, 1);// 加一个月,变为下月的1号
lastDate.add(Calendar.DATE, -1);// 减去一天,变为当月最后一天
str = sdf.format(lastDate.getTime());
return str;
}
public String getPreviousMonthFirst() {
String str = "";
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Calendar lastDate = Calendar.getInstance();
lastDate.set(Calendar.DATE, 1);// 设为当前月的1号
lastDate.add(Calendar.MONTH, -1);// 减一个月,变为下月的1号
// lastDate.add(Calendar.DATE,-1);//减去一天,变为当月最后一天
str = sdf.format(lastDate.getTime());
return str;
}
public String getFirstDayOfMonth() {
String str = "";
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Calendar lastDate = Calendar.getInstance();
lastDate.set(Calendar.DATE, 1);// 设为当前月的1号
str = sdf.format(lastDate.getTime());
return str;
}
public String getCurrentWeekday() {
weeks = 0;
int mondayPlus = this.getMondayPlus();
GregorianCalendar currentDate = new GregorianCalendar();
currentDate.add(GregorianCalendar.DATE, mondayPlus + 6);
Date monday = currentDate.getTime();
DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateInstance();
String preMonday = df.format(monday);
return preMonday;
}
public String getNowTime(String dateformat) {
Date now = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(dateformat);// 可以方便地修改日期格式
String hehe = dateFormat.format(now);
return hehe;
}
private int getMondayPlus() {
Calendar cd = Calendar.getInstance();
// 获得今天是一周的第几天,星期日是第一天,星期二是第二天......
int dayOfWeek = cd.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK) - 1; // 因为按中国礼拜一作为第一天所以这里减1
if (dayOfWeek == 1) {
return 0;
} else {
return 1 - dayOfWeek;
}
}
public String getMondayOFWeek() {
weeks = 0;
int mondayPlus = this.getMondayPlus();
GregorianCalendar currentDate = new GregorianCalendar();
currentDate.add(GregorianCalendar.DATE, mondayPlus);
Date monday = currentDate.getTime();
DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateInstance();
String preMonday = df.format(monday);
return preMonday;
}
public String getSaturday() {
int mondayPlus = this.getMondayPlus();
GregorianCalendar currentDate = new GregorianCalendar();
currentDate.add(GregorianCalendar.DATE, mondayPlus + 7 * weeks + 6);
Date monday = currentDate.getTime();
DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateInstance();
String preMonday = df.format(monday);
return preMonday;
}
public String getPreviousWeekSunday() {
weeks = 0;
weeks--;
int mondayPlus = this.getMondayPlus();
GregorianCalendar currentDate = new GregorianCalendar();
currentDate.add(GregorianCalendar.DATE, mondayPlus + weeks);
Date monday = currentDate.getTime();
DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateInstance();
String preMonday = df.format(monday);
return preMonday;
}
public String getPreviousWeekday() {
weeks--;
int mondayPlus = this.getMondayPlus();
GregorianCalendar currentDate = new GregorianCalendar();
currentDate.add(GregorianCalendar.DATE, mondayPlus + 7 * weeks);
Date monday = currentDate.getTime();
DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateInstance();
String preMonday = df.format(monday);
return preMonday;
}
public String getNextMonday() {
weeks++;
int mondayPlus = this.getMondayPlus();
GregorianCalendar currentDate = new GregorianCalendar();
currentDate.add(GregorianCalendar.DATE, mondayPlus + 7);
Date monday = currentDate.getTime();
DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateInstance();
String preMonday = df.format(monday);
return preMonday;
}
public String getNextSunday() {
int mondayPlus = this.getMondayPlus();
GregorianCalendar currentDate = new GregorianCalendar();
currentDate.add(GregorianCalendar.DATE, mondayPlus + 7 + 6);
Date monday = currentDate.getTime();
DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateInstance();
String preMonday = df.format(monday);
return preMonday;
}
private int getMonthPlus() {
Calendar cd = Calendar.getInstance();
int monthOfNumber = cd.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
cd.set(Calendar.DATE, 1);// 把日期设置为当月第一天
cd.roll(Calendar.DATE, -1);// 日期回滚一天,也就是最后一天
MaxDate = cd.get(Calendar.DATE);
if (monthOfNumber == 1) {
return -MaxDate;
} else {
return 1 - monthOfNumber;
}
}
public String getPreviousMonthEnd() {
String str = "";
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Calendar lastDate = Calendar.getInstance();
lastDate.add(Calendar.MONTH, -1);// 减一个月
lastDate.set(Calendar.DATE, 1);// 把日期设置为当月第一天
lastDate.roll(Calendar.DATE, -1);// 日期回滚一天,也就是本月最后一天
str = sdf.format(lastDate.getTime());
return str;
}
public String getNextMonthFirst() {
String str = "";
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Calendar lastDate = Calendar.getInstance();
lastDate.add(Calendar.MONTH, 1);// 减一个月
lastDate.set(Calendar.DATE, 1);// 把日期设置为当月第一天
str = sdf.format(lastDate.getTime());
return str;
}
public String getNextMonthEnd() {
String str = "";
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Calendar lastDate = Calendar.getInstance();
lastDate.add(Calendar.MONTH, 1);// 加一个月
lastDate.set(Calendar.DATE, 1);// 把日期设置为当月第一天
lastDate.roll(Calendar.DATE, -1);// 日期回滚一天,也就是本月最后一天
str = sdf.format(lastDate.getTime());
return str;
}
public String getNextYearEnd() {
String str = "";
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Calendar lastDate = Calendar.getInstance();
lastDate.add(Calendar.YEAR, 1);// 加一个年
lastDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR, 1);
lastDate.roll(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR, -1);
str = sdf.format(lastDate.getTime());
return str;
}
public String getNextYearFirst() {
String str = "";
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Calendar lastDate = Calendar.getInstance();
lastDate.add(Calendar.YEAR, 1);// 加一个年
lastDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR, 1);
str = sdf.format(lastDate.getTime());
return str;
}
private int getMaxYear() {
Calendar cd = Calendar.getInstance();
cd.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR, 1);// 把日期设为当年第一天
cd.roll(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR, -1);// 把日期回滚一天。
int MaxYear = cd.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
return MaxYear;
}
private int getYearPlus() {
Calendar cd = Calendar.getInstance();
int yearOfNumber = cd.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);// 获得当天是一年中的第几天
cd.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR, 1);// 把日期设为当年第一天
cd.roll(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR, -1);// 把日期回滚一天。
int MaxYear = cd.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
if (yearOfNumber == 1) {
return -MaxYear;
} else {
return 1 - yearOfNumber;
}
}
public String getCurrentYearFirst() {
int yearPlus = this.getYearPlus();
GregorianCalendar currentDate = new GregorianCalendar();
currentDate.add(GregorianCalendar.DATE, yearPlus);
Date yearDay = currentDate.getTime();
DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateInstance();
String preYearDay = df.format(yearDay);
return preYearDay;
}
// 获得本年最后一天的日期 *
public String getCurrentYearEnd() {
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy");// 可以方便地修改日期格式
String years = dateFormat.format(date);
return years + "-12-31";
}
// 获得上年第一天的日期 *
public String getPreviousYearFirst() {
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy");// 可以方便地修改日期格式
String years = dateFormat.format(date);
int years_value = Integer.parseInt(years);
years_value--;
return years_value + "-1-1";
}
// 获得上年最后一天的日期
public String getPreviousYearEnd() {
weeks--;
int yearPlus = this.getYearPlus();
GregorianCalendar currentDate = new GregorianCalendar();
currentDate.add(GregorianCalendar.DATE, yearPlus + MaxYear * weeks
+ (MaxYear - 1));
Date yearDay = currentDate.getTime();
DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateInstance();
String preYearDay = df.format(yearDay);
return preYearDay;
}
public String getThisSeasonFirstTime(int month) {
int array[][] = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 }, { 7, 8, 9 }, { 10, 11, 12 } };
int season = 1;
if (month >= 1 && month <= 3) {
season = 1;
}
if (month >= 4 && month <= 6) {
season = 2;
}
if (month >= 7 && month <= 9) {
season = 3;
}
if (month >= 10 && month <= 12) {
season = 4;
}
int start_month = array[season - 1][0];
int end_month = array[season - 1][2];
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy");// 可以方便地修改日期格式
String years = dateFormat.format(date);
int years_value = Integer.parseInt(years);
int start_days = 1;// years+"-"+String.valueOf(start_month)+"-1";//getLastDayOfMonth(years_value,start_month);
int end_days = getLastDayOfMonth(years_value, end_month);
String seasonDate = years_value + "-" + start_month + "-" + start_days;
return seasonDate;
}
public String getThisSeasonFinallyTime(int month) {
int array[][] = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 }, { 7, 8, 9 }, { 10, 11, 12 } };
int season = 1;
if (month >= 1 && month <= 3) {
season = 1;
}
if (month >= 4 && month <= 6) {
season = 2;
}
if (month >= 7 && month <= 9) {
season = 3;
}
if (month >= 10 && month <= 12) {
season = 4;
}
int start_month = array[season - 1][0];
int end_month = array[season - 1][2];
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy");// 可以方便地修改日期格式
String years = dateFormat.format(date);
int years_value = Integer.parseInt(years);
int start_days = 1;// years+"-"+String.valueOf(start_month)+"-1";//getLastDayOfMonth(years_value,start_month);
int end_days = getLastDayOfMonth(years_value, end_month);
String seasonDate = years_value + "-" + end_month + "-" + end_days;
return seasonDate;
}
private int getLastDayOfMonth(int year, int month) {
if (month == 1 || month == 3 || month == 5 || month == 7 || month == 8
|| month == 10 || month == 12) {
return 31;
}
if (month == 4 || month == 6 || month == 9 || month == 11) {
return 30;
}
if (month == 2) {
if (isLeapYear(year)) {
return 29;
} else {
return 28;
}
}
return 0;
}
public boolean isLeapYear(int year) {
return (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0);
}
public boolean isLeapYear2(int year) {
return new GregorianCalendar().isLeapYear(year);
}
}