大话设计模式之建造者模式

建造者模式包含4个角色：   

  指挥者、抽象建造者、具体建造者、产品   

构建者模式基本代码如下，可参考：

// 产品类
class Product {
  IList<string> parts = new List<string>();
  public void Add(string part) {
    parts.add(part);
  }
  public void Show() {
    Console.WriteLine("产品创建");
    foreach(string part in parts) {
      Console.WriteLine(part);
    }
  }
}
// 抽象建造者类
abstract class Builder {
  public abstract void BuildPartA();
  public abstract void BuildPartB();
  public abstract Product getProduct();
}
// 具体建造者
class ConcreteBuilder1 : Builder {
  private Product product = new Product();
  public override void BuildPartA() {
    product.add("部分A");
  }
  public override void BuildPartB() {
    product.add("部分B");
  }
  public override void getProduct() {
    return product;
  }
}
class ConcreteBuilder2 : Builder {
  private Product product = new Product();
  public override void BuildPartA() {
    product.add("部件x");
  }
  public override void BuildPartB() {
    product.add("部件y");
  }
  public override void getProduct() {
    return product;
  }
}
// 指挥者类
class Director {
  public void Construct(Builder builder) {
    builder.BuildPartA();
    builder.BuildPartB();
  }
}
// 客户端
static void Main(string[] args) {
  Director director = new Director();
  Builder b1 = new ConcreteBuilder1();
  Builder b2 = new ConcreteBuilder2();
  director.Construct(b1);
  Product p1 = b1.getProduct(); 
  p1.Show();
  director.Construct(b2);
  Product p2 = b2.getProduct();
  p2.Show();

  
}

// 套餐类
public class Meal {
  private String food;
  private String drink;
  // 省略get set方法
}
public abstract class MealBuilder {
  Meal meal = new Meal();
  public abstract void buildFood();
  public abstract void buildDrink();
  public Meal getMeal() {
    return meal;
  }
}
// 套餐A
public class MealA extends MealBuilder {
  public void buildDrink(){
    meal.setDrink("一杯可乐");
  }
  public void buildFood(){
    meal.setFood("一盒薯条");
  }
}
// KFC服务员相当于指挥者
public class KFCWaiter {
  private MealBuilder mealBuilder;
  public void setMealBuilder(MealBuilder mealBuilder) {
    this.mealBuilder = mealBuilder;
  }
  public Meal construct() {
  mealBuilder.buildFood();
  mealBuilder.buildDrink();
  return mealBuilder.getMeal(); 
  }
}
public class Client{
  public static void main(String [] args){
    KFCWaiter waiter = new KFCWaiter();
    MealA a = new MealA();
   // 服务员准备套餐A
    waiter.setMealBuilder(a);
    Meal mealA = waiter.construct();
    
    
  }
}

优点：

1. 将复杂产品的创建步骤分解在不同的方法中，使得创建更加清晰，
2. 将产品的创建过程与产品本身分离开来，可以使用相同的创建过程来得到不同的产品

缺点：

1. 所创建产品有较多共同点，如果产品间差异较大，则不适合建造者模式，使用范围受限，
2. 如果产品内部变化复杂，可能会导致需要定义很多具体建造者来适应这种变化，系统变得很庞大。