Python实现RSA加解密

前言

• 加密技术在数据安全存储，数据传输中发挥着重要作用，能够保护用户隐私数据安全，防止信息窃取。RSA是一种非对称加密技术，在软件、网页中已得到广泛应用。本文将介绍RSA加密解密在python中的实现。
• 原则：公钥加密，私钥解密

一、安装模块

pip install pycryptodome

二、生成密钥对

• 密钥对文件生成和读取。
• 代码：

from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA

def create_rsa_pair(is_save=False):
    '''
    创建rsa公钥私钥对
    :param is_save: default:False
    :return: public_key, private_key
    '''
    f = RSA.generate(2048)
    private_key = f.exportKey("PEM")  # 生成私钥
    public_key = f.publickey().exportKey()  # 生成公钥
    if is_save:
        with open("crypto_private_key.pem", "wb") as f:
            f.write(private_key)
        with open("crypto_public_key.pem", "wb") as f:
            f.write(public_key)
    return public_key, private_key


def read_public_key(file_path="crypto_public_key.pem") -> bytes:
    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
        b = x.read()
        return b


def read_private_key(file_path="crypto_private_key.pem") -> bytes:
    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
        b = x.read()
        return b

三、加密

• 流程：输入文本（str）→字符串编码（默认utf-8）（bytes）→rsa加密（bytes）→base64编码（bytes）→解码为字符串（str）
• 代码：

import base64
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA

def encryption(text: str, public_key: bytes):
	# 字符串指定编码（转为bytes）
	text = text.encode('utf-8')
	# 构建公钥对象
	cipher_public = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key))
	# 加密（bytes）
	text_encrypted = cipher_public.encrypt(text) 
	# base64编码，并转为字符串
	text_encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(text_encrypted ).decode()
	return text_encrypted_base64 
	
if __name__ == '__main__':
	public_key = read_public_key()
	text = '123456'
	text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)
	print('密文：',text_encrypted_base64)

四、解密

• 说明：解密流程与加密流程相反（按照加密流程逆序解密）
• 流程：输入文本（str）→字符串编码（默认utf-8）（bytes）→base64解码（bytes）→rsa解密（bytes）→解码为字符串（str）
• 代码：

import base64
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
from Crypto import Random
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA

def decryption(text_encrypted_base64: str, private_key: bytes):
	# 字符串指定编码（转为bytes）
	text_encrypted_base64 = text_encrypted_base64.encode('utf-8')
	# base64解码
	text_encrypted = base64.b64decode(text_encrypted_base64 )
	# 构建私钥对象
	cipher_private = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key))
	# 解密（bytes）
	text_decrypted = cipher_private.decrypt(text_encrypted , Random.new().read)
	# 解码为字符串
	text_decrypted = text_decrypted.decode()
	return text_decrypted 
	
if __name__ == '__main__':
	# 生成密文
	public_key = read_public_key()
	text = '123456'
	text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)
	print('密文：',text_encrypted_base64)
	
	# 解密
	private_key = read_private_key()
	text_decrypted = decryption(text_encrypted_base64, private_key)
	print('明文：',text_decrypted)

五、完整代码

import base64
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
from Crypto import Random
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA


# ------------------------生成密钥对------------------------
def create_rsa_pair(is_save=False):
    '''
    创建rsa公钥私钥对
    :param is_save: default:False
    :return: public_key, private_key
    '''
    f = RSA.generate(2048)
    private_key = f.exportKey("PEM")  # 生成私钥
    public_key = f.publickey().exportKey()  # 生成公钥
    if is_save:
        with open("crypto_private_key.pem", "wb") as f:
            f.write(private_key)
        with open("crypto_public_key.pem", "wb") as f:
            f.write(public_key)
    return public_key, private_key


def read_public_key(file_path="crypto_public_key.pem") -> bytes:
    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
        b = x.read()
        return b


def read_private_key(file_path="crypto_private_key.pem") -> bytes:
    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
        b = x.read()
        return b


# ------------------------加密------------------------
def encryption(text: str, public_key: bytes):
    # 字符串指定编码（转为bytes）
    text = text.encode('utf-8')
    # 构建公钥对象
    cipher_public = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key))
    # 加密（bytes）
    text_encrypted = cipher_public.encrypt(text)
    # base64编码，并转为字符串
    text_encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(text_encrypted).decode()
    return text_encrypted_base64


# ------------------------解密------------------------
def decryption(text_encrypted_base64: str, private_key: bytes):
    # 字符串指定编码（转为bytes）
    text_encrypted_base64 = text_encrypted_base64.encode('utf-8')
    # base64解码
    text_encrypted = base64.b64decode(text_encrypted_base64)
    # 构建私钥对象
    cipher_private = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key))
    # 解密（bytes）
    text_decrypted = cipher_private.decrypt(text_encrypted, Random.new().read)
    # 解码为字符串
    text_decrypted = text_decrypted.decode()
    return text_decrypted


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 生成密钥对
    # create_rsa_pair(is_save=True)
    # public_key = read_public_key()
    # private_key = read_private_key()
    public_key, private_key = create_rsa_pair(is_save=False)

    # 加密
    text = '123456'
    text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)
    print('密文：', text_encrypted_base64)

    # 解密
    text_decrypted = decryption(text_encrypted_base64, private_key)
    print('明文：', text_decrypted)

转载于：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44002829/article/details/123471411