设计模式之观察者模式

观察者模式：定义了对象之间的一对多依赖，这样一来，当一个对象改变状态是，它的所有依赖者都会收到通知，并自动更新。

画如下图理解定义：

根据分析，可以画出如下的UML类关系图：

实现代码如下，文件目录图：

主题接口：

package com.design.observer;

public interface Subject {
	//添加观察者
	public void addObserver(Observer observer);
	//删除观察者
	public void removeObserver(Observer observer);
}

天气情况（主题）

package com.design.observer;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class WeatherSubject implements Subject{

	//温度
	private String temperature;
	//湿度
	private String humidity;
	//气压
	private String pressure;
	
	private ArrayList observers;
	
	
	public WeatherSubject(){
		observers = new ArrayList();
	}
	//添加观察者
	public void addObserver(Observer observer) {
		observers.add(observer);
	}

	//删除观察者
	public void removeObserver(Observer observer) {
		observers.remove(observer);
	}
	
	public void changeWeather(){
		Observer observer;
		for(int i=0;i<observers.size();i++){
			observer = (Observer)observers.get(i);
			//通知观察者更新提前情况
			observer.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);
		}
	}
	//更新天气情况
	public void setmeasureMents(String temperature,String humidity,String pressure){
		this.temperature = temperature;
		this.humidity = humidity;
		this.pressure = pressure;
		changeWeather();  
	}
	

	public String getTemperature() {
		return temperature;
	}

	public void setTemperature(String temperature) {
		this.temperature = temperature;
	}

	public String getHumidity() {
		return humidity;
	}

	public void setHumidity(String humidity) {
		this.humidity = humidity;
	}

	public String getPressure() {
		return pressure;
	}

	public void setPressure(String pressure) {
		this.pressure = pressure;
	}

}

观察者接口：

package com.design.observer;

public interface Observer {
    //更新天气情况
	public void update(String temperature,String humidity,String pressure);
}

显示板（观察者，示例只实现其中一个显示板）

package com.design.observer;

public class DisplayPanel implements Observer{

	
	//温度
	private String temperature;
	//湿度
	private String humidity;
	//气压
	private String pressure;
	
	
	//构造方法初始化
	public DisplayPanel(Subject wheatherSuject){
		wheatherSuject = new WeatherSubject();
	}
	
	//更新天气情况
	public void update(String temperature,String humidity,String pressure){
		this.temperature = temperature;
		this.humidity = humidity;
		this.pressure = pressure;
		display();
		
	}
	
	public void display(){
		System.out.println("温度="+temperature+","+"湿度="+humidity+","+"气压="+pressure);
	}

	public String getTemperature() {
		return temperature;
	}

	public void setTemperature(String temperature) {
		this.temperature = temperature;
	}

	public String getHumidity() {
		return humidity;
	}

	public void setHumidity(String humidity) {
		this.humidity = humidity;
	}

	public String getPressure() {
		return pressure;
	}

	public void setPressure(String pressure) {
		this.pressure = pressure;
	}


}

测试代码：

package com.design.observer;


public class ObserverTest {

	public static void main(String[] args){
		WeatherSubject weatherSubject = new WeatherSubject();
		//引用，使得对象实例可以被传递
		Observer displayPanel = new DisplayPanel(weatherSubject);
		
		weatherSubject.addObserver(displayPanel);
		weatherSubject.setmeasureMents("32", "40", "100");
	}
}

测试结果：

最后，欢迎评论交流，如果有更好的建议，欢迎提出。