POJ_3518_Prime Gap(Miller-Robin素性测试)

Prime Gap

Time Limit: 5000MS		Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 7587		Accepted: 4432

Description

The sequence of n − 1 consecutive composite numbers (positive integers that are not prime and not equal to 1) lying between two successive prime numbers p and p + n is called a prime gap of length n. For example, ‹24, 25, 26, 27, 28› between 23 and 29 is a prime gap of length 6.

Your mission is to write a program to calculate, for a given positive integer k, the length of the prime gap that contains k. For convenience, the length is considered 0 in case no prime gap contains k.

Input

The input is a sequence of lines each of which contains a single positive integer. Each positive integer is greater than 1 and less than or equal to the 100000th prime number, which is 1299709. The end of the input is indicated by a line containing a single zero.

Output

The output should be composed of lines each of which contains a single non-negative integer. It is the length of the prime gap that contains the corresponding positive integer in the input if it is a composite number, or 0 otherwise. No other characters should occur in the output.

Sample Input

10
11
27
2
492170
0

Sample Output

4
0
6
0
114

Source

Japan 2007

题型：数论

题意：两个相邻的素数的差值叫做Prime Gap。输入一个K，求K两端的素数的Prime Gap，如果K本身是一个素数，输出0；

分析：

       看一下范围，十万个素数，第十万个素数是1299709。一开始想将十万个素数筛出来之后打出来，但是不知道怎么回事一运行之后.txt文件打开就自动结束进程，无奈Dos框框只显示最后一小部分的素数，只好重新想办法。

       考虑到两个连续素数之间的距离不会太大，那么就可以从k开始分别往两边找素数，每次枚举一个数，就用Miller-Robin判断一下，找到素数时停止。

代码：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
//****************************************************************
// Miller_Rabin 算法进行素数测试
//速度快，而且可以判断 <2^63的数
//****************************************************************
const int S=20;//随机算法判定次数，S越大，判错概率越小


//计算 (a*b)%c.   a,b都是long long的数，直接相乘可能溢出的
//  a,b,c <2^63
long long mult_mod(long long a,long long b,long long c)
{
    a%=c;
    b%=c;
    long long ret=0;
    while(b)
    {
        if(b&1){ret+=a;ret%=c;}
        a<<=1;
        if(a>=c)a%=c;
        b>>=1;
    }
    return ret;
}



//计算  x^n %c
long long pow_mod(long long x,long long n,long long mod)//x^n%c
{
    if(n==1)return x%mod;
    x%=mod;
    long long tmp=x;
    long long ret=1;
    while(n)
    {
        if(n&1) ret=mult_mod(ret,tmp,mod);
        tmp=mult_mod(tmp,tmp,mod);
        n>>=1;
    }
    return ret;
}





//以a为基,n-1=x*2^t      a^(n-1)=1(mod n)  验证n是不是合数
//一定是合数返回true,不一定返回false
bool check(long long a,long long n,long long x,long long t)
{
    long long ret=pow_mod(a,x,n);
    long long last=ret;
    for(int i=1;i<=t;i++)
    {
        ret=mult_mod(ret,ret,n);
        if(ret==1&&last!=1&&last!=n-1) return true;//合数
        last=ret;
    }
    if(ret!=1) return true;
    return false;
}

// Miller_Rabin()算法素数判定
//是素数返回true.(可能是伪素数，但概率极小)
//合数返回false;

bool Miller_Rabin(long long n)
{
    if(n<2)return false;
    if(n==2)return true;
    if((n&1)==0) return false;//偶数
    long long x=n-1;
    long long t=0;
    while((x&1)==0){x>>=1;t++;}
    for(int i=0;i<S;i++)
    {
        long long a=rand()%(n-1)+1;//rand()需要stdlib.h头文件
        if(check(a,n,x,t))
            return false;//合数
    }
    return true;
}
int main(){
    int n;
    int ans;
    while(scanf("%d",&n)&&n){
        ans=0;
        if(Miller_Rabin(n)){
            printf("0\n");
        }
        else{
            int t=n;
            while(!Miller_Rabin(t)){
                ans++;
                t--;
            }
            int tt=n;
            while(!Miller_Rabin(tt)){
                ans++;
                tt++;
            }
            printf("%d\n",ans);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}