有时候,某个设备的可能具有多个kobject的子类对象,或者某些设备具有相同的特性,为了便于管理,应该把这些对象统一放入一个容器中。这里要用到的容器就是kset。kset只是kobject的一个集合。对应到linux文件系统中,一个kset就是/sys下的一个文件夹。
Kset本身也是一个kobject,所以它在sysfs里同样表现为一个目录,但它和kobject的不同之处在于kset可以看作是一个容器,如果你把它类比为C++里的容器类如list也无不可。Kset之所以能作为容器来使用,其内部正是内嵌了一个双向链表结构struct list_head
kset 象 kobj_type 结构的扩展; 一个 kset 是嵌入到相同类型结构的 kobject 的集合。但 struct kobj_type 关注的是对象的类型,而struct kset 关心的是对象的聚合和集合,其主要功能是包容,可认为是kobjects 的顶层容器类。每个 kset 在内部包含自己的 kobject, 并可以用多种处理kobject 的方法处理kset。 ksets 总是在 sysfs 中出现; 一旦设置了 kset 并把它添加到系统中, 将在 sysfs 中创建一个目录;kobjects 不必在 sysfs 中表示, 但kset中的每一个 kobject 成员都在sysfs中得到表述。
kobject建立的目录下只能添加文件,
kset建立的目录下添加目录,
kset是具有相同类型的kobject的集合。
struct kset:
- struct kset {
- struct list_head list;//连接该kset中所有kobject的链表头
- spinlock_t list_lock;
- struct kobject kobj; //内嵌的kobject
- const struct kset_uevent_ops *uevent_ops;//处理热插拔事件的操作集合
- };
我们在看一下kobject、kset的关系:
从图中我们可以看出,要使一个kobject 和 kset关联,只需要 把它的kset指针指向相应的kSet
Kset的操作与kobject类似,因为kset中内嵌了一个kobject结构,所以,大部份操作都是集中在kset->kobject上.具体分析一下kset_create_and_add()这个接口,类似上面分析的kobject接口,这个接口也包括了kset的大部分操作.代码如下:
- struct kset *kset_create_and_add(const char *name,
- const struct kset_uevent_ops *uevent_ops,
- struct kobject *parent_kobj)
- {
- struct kset *kset;
- int error;
- kset = kset_create(name, uevent_ops, parent_kobj); //创建一个kset
- if (!kset)
- return NULL;
- error = kset_register(kset);//注册kset
- if (error) {
- kfree(kset);
- return NULL;
- }
- return kset;
- }
Kset_create()用来创建一个struct kset结构我们注意,在这里创建kset时.为其内嵌的kobject指定其ktype结构为kset_ktype.这个结构的定义如下:
- static struct kset *kset_create(const char *name,
- const struct kset_uevent_ops *uevent_ops,
- struct kobject *parent_kobj)
- {
- struct kset *kset;
- int retval;
- kset = kzalloc(sizeof(*kset), GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!kset)
- return NULL;
- retval = kobject_set_name(&kset->kobj, name);//设置kset的名字,也即内嵌kobject的名字
- if (retval) {
- kfree(kset);
- return NULL;
- }
- kset->uevent_ops = uevent_ops;//kset属性操作
- kset->kobj.parent = parent_kobj;//设置其parent
- /*
- * The kobject of this kset will have a type of kset_ktype and belong to
- * no kset itself. That way we can properly free it when it is
- * finished being used.
- */
- kset->kobj.ktype = &kset_ktype;//ktype指定为kset_ktype
- kset->kobj.kset = NULL;
- return kset;
- }
我们注意,在这里创建kset时.为其内嵌的kobject指定其ktype结构为kset_ktype.这个结构的定义如下:
- static struct kobj_type kset_ktype = {
- .sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
- .release = kset_release,
- };
- const struct sysfs_ops kobj_sysfs_ops = {
- .show = kobj_attr_show,
- .store = kobj_attr_store,
- };
- /* default kobject attribute operations */
- static ssize_t kobj_attr_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr,
- char *buf)
- {
- struct kobj_attribute *kattr;
- ssize_t ret = -EIO;
- kattr = container_of(attr, struct kobj_attribute, attr);
- if (kattr->show)
- ret = kattr->show(kobj, kattr, buf);
- return ret;
- }
- static ssize_t kobj_attr_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr,
- const char *buf, size_t count)
- {
- struct kobj_attribute *kattr;
- ssize_t ret = -EIO;
- kattr = container_of(attr, struct kobj_attribute, attr);
- if (kattr->store)
- ret = kattr->store(kobj, kattr, buf, count);
- return ret;
- }
创建好了kset之后,会调用kset_register().这个函数就是kset操作的核心代码了.如下:
- int kset_register(struct kset *k)
- {
- int err;
- if (!k)
- return -EINVAL;
- kset_init(k);//初始化kset
- err = kobject_add_internal(&k->kobj);//建立空间层次结构
- if (err)
- return err;
- kobject_uevent(&k->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);//通知用户空间的hotplug程序处理
- return 0;
- }
kobject_uenent的第二个参数是事件的类型,类型是kobject_action的枚举:
- enum kobject_action {
- KOBJ_ADD,
- KOBJ_REMOVE,
- KOBJ_CHANGE,
- KOBJ_MOVE,
- KOBJ_ONLINE,
- KOBJ_OFFLINE,
- KOBJ_MAX
- };
- int kobject_uevent(struct kobject *kobj, enum kobject_action action)
- {
- return kobject_uevent_env(kobj, action, NULL);
- }
- int kobject_uevent_env(struct kobject *kobj, enum kobject_action action,
- char *envp_ext[])
- {
- struct kobj_uevent_env *env;
- const char *action_string = kobject_actions[action];
- const char *devpath = NULL;
- const char *subsystem;
- struct kobject *top_kobj;
- struct kset *kset;
- const struct kset_uevent_ops *uevent_ops;
- u64 seq;
- int i = 0;
- int retval = 0;
- #ifdef CONFIG_NET
- struct uevent_sock *ue_sk;
- #endif
- pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): %s\n",
- kobject_name(kobj), kobj, __func__);
- /*由于对事件的处理函数包含在kobject->kset-> uevent_ops中.要处理事件,就必须要找到上层的一个不为空的kset.
- 如果不存在这样的kset.就退出*/
- /* search the kset we belong to */
- top_kobj = kobj;
- while (!top_kobj->kset && top_kobj->parent)// 由kobject的parent向上查找,直到找到一个kobject包含kset
- top_kobj = top_kobj->parent;
- if (!top_kobj->kset) {
- pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): %s: attempted to send uevent "
- "without kset!\n", kobject_name(kobj), kobj,
- __func__);
- return -EINVAL;
- }
- kset = top_kobj->kset;
- uevent_ops = kset->uevent_ops;
- /* skip the event, if uevent_suppress is set*/
- if (kobj->uevent_suppress) {
- pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): %s: uevent_suppress "
- "caused the event to drop!\n",
- kobject_name(kobj), kobj, __func__);
- return 0;
- }
- /* skip the event, if the filter returns zero. */
- if (uevent_ops && uevent_ops->filter)// 如果kset中有filter函数,调用filter函数,看看是否需要过滤uevent消息。
- if (!uevent_ops->filter(kset, kobj)) {
- pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): %s: filter function "
- "caused the event to drop!\n",
- kobject_name(kobj), kobj, __func__);
- return 0;
- }
- /* originating subsystem */
- if (uevent_ops && uevent_ops->name)//如果kset中有name函数,调用name函数得到subsystem的名字;否则,subsystem的名字是kset中kobject的名字
- subsystem = uevent_ops->name(kset, kobj);
- else
- subsystem = kobject_name(&kset->kobj);
- if (!subsystem) {
- pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): %s: unset subsystem caused the "
- "event to drop!\n", kobject_name(kobj), kobj,
- __func__);
- return 0;
- }
- /* environment buffer */
- env = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kobj_uevent_env), GFP_KERNEL);// 分配一个kobj_uevent_env,并开始填充env环境变量
- if (!env)
- return -ENOMEM;
- /* complete object path */
- devpath = kobject_get_path(kobj, GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!devpath) {
- retval = -ENOENT;
- goto exit;
- }
- /* default keys */
- retval = add_uevent_var(env, "ACTION=%s", action_string);//增加环境变量ACTION=<action name>
- if (retval)
- goto exit;
- retval = add_uevent_var(env, "DEVPATH=%s", devpath);// 增加环境变量DEVPATH=<kobj’s path>
- if (retval)
- goto exit;
- retval = add_uevent_var(env, "SUBSYSTEM=%s", subsystem);// 增加环境变量SUBSYSTEM=<subsystem name>
- if (retval)
- goto exit;
- /* keys passed in from the caller */
- if (envp_ext) {
- for (i = 0; envp_ext[i]; i++) {
- retval = add_uevent_var(env, "%s", envp_ext[i]);// 增加环境变量kobject_uevent_env中参数envp_ext指定的环境变量。
- if (retval)
- goto exit;
- }
- }
- //为调用hotplug设置环境变量
- /* let the kset specific function add its stuff */
- if (uevent_ops && uevent_ops->uevent) {
- retval = uevent_ops->uevent(kset, kobj, env);//调用kset的uevent函数,这个函数会继续填充环境变量。
- if (retval) {
- pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): %s: uevent() returned "
- "%d\n", kobject_name(kobj), kobj,
- __func__, retval);
- goto exit;
- }
- }
- /*
- * Mark "add" and "remove" events in the object to ensure proper
- * events to userspace during automatic cleanup. If the object did
- * send an "add" event, "remove" will automatically generated by
- * the core, if not already done by the caller.
- */
- if (action == KOBJ_ADD)
- kobj->state_add_uevent_sent = 1;
- else if (action == KOBJ_REMOVE)
- kobj->state_remove_uevent_sent = 1;
- /* we will send an event, so request a new sequence number */
- spin_lock(&sequence_lock);
- seq = ++uevent_seqnum;
- spin_unlock(&sequence_lock);
- retval = add_uevent_var(env, "SEQNUM=%llu", (unsigned long long)seq);// 增加环境变量SEQNUM=<seq>,这里seq是静态变量,每次累加
- if (retval)
- goto exit;
- #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
- /* send netlink message */
- mutex_lock(&uevent_sock_mutex);
- list_for_each_entry(ue_sk, &uevent_sock_list, list) {
- struct sock *uevent_sock = ue_sk->sk;
- struct sk_buff *skb;
- size_t len;
- /* allocate message with the maximum possible size */
- len = strlen(action_string) + strlen(devpath) + 2;
- skb = alloc_skb(len + env->buflen, GFP_KERNEL);
- if (skb) {
- char *scratch;
- /* add header */
- scratch = skb_put(skb, len);
- sprintf(scratch, "%s@%s", action_string, devpath);
- /* copy keys to our continuous event payload buffer */
- for (i = 0; i < env->envp_idx; i++) {
- len = strlen(env->envp[i]) + 1;
- scratch = skb_put(skb, len);
- strcpy(scratch, env->envp[i]);
- }
- NETLINK_CB(skb).dst_group = 1;
- retval = netlink_broadcast_filtered(uevent_sock, skb,// 调用netlink发送uevent消息
- 0, 1, GFP_KERNEL,
- kobj_bcast_filter,
- kobj);
- /* ENOBUFS should be handled in userspace */
- if (retval == -ENOBUFS)
- retval = 0;
- } else
- retval = -ENOMEM;
- }
- mutex_unlock(&uevent_sock_mutex);
- #endif
- /* call uevent_helper, usually only enabled during early boot */
- if (uevent_helper[0] && !kobj_usermode_filter(kobj)) {
- char *argv [3];
- argv [0] = uevent_helper;
- argv [1] = (char *)subsystem;
- argv [2] = NULL;
- retval = add_uevent_var(env, "HOME=/");
- if (retval)
- goto exit;
- retval = add_uevent_var(env,
- "PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin");
- if (retval)
- goto exit;
- retval = call_usermodehelper(argv[0], argv,// 调用uevent_helper,最终转换成对用户空间sbin/mdev的调用
- env->envp, UMH_WAIT_EXEC);
- }
- exit:
- kfree(devpath);
- kfree(env);
- return retval;
- }
另外一个操作就是将kobject添加到kset,如何将一个kobject添加到kset?
先把kobject的kset成员指向目的kset,即包含这个kobject的kset;然后在前面 分析kobject_add的时候有调用kobject_add(kobj) --.....-> kobj_kset_join(kobj), kobj_kest_join函数的作用就是把kobj自身加入到自身的kset的链表里面。
- /* add the kobject to its kset's list */
- static void kobj_kset_join(struct kobject *kobj)
- {
- if (!kobj->kset)
- return;
- kset_get(kobj->kset);//增加引用计数
- spin_lock(&kobj->kset->list_lock);
- list_add_tail(&kobj->entry, &kobj->kset->list);//添加到kset链表尾
- spin_unlock(&kobj->kset->list_lock);
- }
到这里,kset的基本操作也是完了.
最后来看下kset调用流程图: