14-network client tools

14-network client tools

---

ping

send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts

ping [OPTION] destination
    -c #：发送ping包个数
    -w #：ping命令超时时长
    -W #：一次ping操作中，等待对方响应的超时时长
    -s #：指定ping的包的大小，单位是字节，Maximum is 65507
        Specifies the number of data bytes to be sent.  The default is 56, which  translates  into  64 ICMP data bytes when combined with the 8 bytes of ICMP header data.

[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 3 172.16.0.1
PING 172.16.0.1 (172.16.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.330 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.301 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.355 ms

--- 172.16.0.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.301/0.328/0.355/0.030 ms

[root@localhost ~]# ping -w 3 218.60.112.164
PING 218.60.112.164 (218.60.112.164) 56(84) bytes of data.

--- 218.60.112.164 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 3000ms

[root@localhost ~]# ping -s 65507 172.16.0.1 
PING 172.16.0.1 (172.16.0.1) 65507(65535) bytes of data.
65515 bytes from 172.16.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=3.16 ms
65515 bytes from 172.16.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=3.20 ms

hping(hping3)

send (almost) arbitrary TCP/IP 
    --fast: Alias for -i u10000. Hping will send 10 packets for second.
    --faster:Sent  packets as fast as possible, without taking care to show incoming replies.  This is ways faster than to specify the -i u0 option.
    --flood:Sent  packets as fast as possible, without taking care to show incoming replies.  This is ways faster than to specify the -i u0 option.
    -i uX:Wait  the  specified  number  of seconds or micro seconds between sending each packet.set wait to X  micro  seconds.越小表示ping之间等待的毫秒数越少

[root@localhost ~]# yum install hping

# 下列命令ping的特别快
[root@localhost ~]# hping3 --fast 172.16.0.1

# 下列命令ping的飞快
[root@localhost ~]# hping3 --faster 172.16.0.1

# 下列命令疯狂的ping，但是不会显示icmp reply
[root@localhost ~]# hping3 --flood 172.16.0.1 
HPING 172.16.0.1 (eno16777728 172.16.0.1): NO FLAGS are set, 40 headers + 0 data bytes
hping in flood mode, no replies will be shown

traceroute

print the route packets trace to network host；跟踪数据包到达网络主机所经过的路由工具；

traceroute 是用来发出数据包的主机到目标主机之间所经过的网关的工具。traceroute 的原理是试图以最小的TTL发出探测包来跟踪数据包到达目标主机所经过的网关，然后监听一个来自网关ICMP的应答。发送数据包的大小默认为 38个字节。

traceroute [-46dFITUnreAV] [-f first_ttl] [-g gate,...]
           [-i device] [-m max_ttl] [-p port] [-s src_addr]
           [-q nqueries] [-N squeries] [-t tos]
           [-l flow_label] [-w waittime] [-z sendwait] [-UL] [-D]
           [-P proto] [--sport=port] [-M method] [-O mod_options]
           [--mtu] [--back]
           host [packet_len]

常用参数
    -i：指定网络接口，对于多个网络接口有效
    -m 把在外发探测试包中所用的最大生存期设置为max-ttl次转发，默认值为30次；
    -n 显示IP地址，不查主机名。当DNS不起作用时常用到这个参数；
    -p port 探测包使用的基本UDP端口设置为port ，默认值是33434
    -r 绕过正常的路由表，直接发送到网络相连的主机；
    -w n 把对外发探测包的等待响应时间设置为n秒，默认值为3秒；

[root@localhost ~]# traceroute -i eno16777728 218.60.112.164
traceroute to 218.60.112.164 (218.60.112.164), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  * * *
 2  * * *
 3  * * *
 4  * * *
 5  * * *
 6  * * *
 7  * * *
 8  * * *
 9  * * *
10  * * *
11  * * *
12  * * *
13  * * *
14  * * *
15  * * *
16  * * *
17  * * *
18  * * *
19  * * *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *


# 指定为40次的ttl

[root@localhost ~]# traceroute -i eno16777728 -m 40 218.60.112.164
traceroute to 218.60.112.164 (218.60.112.164), 40 hops max, 60 byte packets



# 

[root@localhost ~]# traceroute 61.135.169.125
traceroute to 61.135.169.125 (61.135.169.125), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  172.16.11.101 (172.16.11.101)  3414.875 ms !H  3414.688 ms !H  3414.671 ms !H

-

记录按序列号从1开始，每个纪录就是一跳 ，每跳表示一个网关，我们看到每行有三个时间，单位是 ms，其实就是-q的默认参数。探测数据包向每个网关发送三个数据包后，网关响应后返回的时间；
有时我们traceroute 一台主机时，会看到有一些行是以星号表示的。出现这样的情况，可能是防火墙封掉了ICMP的返回信息，所以我们得不到什么相关的数据包返回数据。
有时我们在某一网关处延时比较长，有可能是某台网关比较阻塞，也可能是物理设备本身的原因。当然如果某台DNS出现问题时，不能解析主机名、域名时，也会有延时长的现象；您可以加-n 参数来避免DNS解析，以IP格式输出数据；

ftp

file transfer protocol

lftp

   lftp [-d] [-e cmd] [-p port] [-u user[,pass]] [site]
    get单文件下载mget多文件下载
    put单文件上传mput多文件上传

lftpget

get a file with lftp，不能下载目录
lftpget [-c] [-d] [-v] URL [URL...]
    -c：continue a previous download，支持断点续传

wget

the non-interactive network downloader，不能下载目录
wget [optoin]... [URL]...
    -b：在后台执行下载操作，一般用于脚本
    -q：静默模式下载，一般用于脚本
    -O file：指定目录及文件名file为/path/to/fileName
    -c：断点续传
    --limit-rate=amount：以指定的速率传输文件