Android开发系列（九）：创建数据库以及完成简单的CRUD操作

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u010800530/article/details/39270925

本文介绍了如何在Android项目中创建数据库以及实现CRUD操作。包括建立数据库、使用SQLiteOpenHelper类进行增删改查，并通过测试类验证功能。

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本篇博文主要实现简单的创建数据库以及实现CRUD操作。

首先，我们建立一个Android Project，命名为db

一、完成数据库的创建操作：

用SQLiteOpenHelper类中的getWritableDatabase()和getReadableDatabase()都可以获取一个操作数据库的SQLiteDatabase实例，其中getReadableDatabase()方法中会调用getWritableDatabase()方法。

区别：其中，getWritableDatabase() 方法以读写方式打开数据库，一旦数据库的磁盘空间满了，数据库就只能读而不能写，倘若使用的是getWritableDatabase() 方法就会出错。getReadableDatabase()方法则是先以读写方式打开数据库，如果数据库的磁盘空间满了，就会打开失败，当打开失败后会继续尝试以只读方式打开数据库；如果此时数据库空间出现了空余，则会成功获取一个操作数据库的SQLiteDatabase对象。

我们首先建立一个类（继承SQLiteOpenHelper）DBOpenHelper.java：

package cn.itcast.service;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;

public class DBOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

	//构造函数，调用父类的SQLiteOpenHelper的构造函数
	public DBOpenHelper(Context context) {
		super(context, "itcast.db", null, 1);
		//<包>/databases/
	}

	@Override
	public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {//是在数据库每一次被创建的时候调用的
		db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE person(personid integer primary key autoincrement, name varchar(20), phone VARCHAR(12) NULL)");
	}

	@Override
	public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {//在数据库的版本发生变化时会被调用
		db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE person ADD amount integer");
	}

}

onCreate()方法在初次生成数据库时才会被调用，在onCreate()方法里可以生成数据库表结构及添加一些应用使用到的初始化数据。

onUpgrade()方法在数据库的版本发生变化时会被调用，一般在软件升级时才需改变版本号，而数据库的版本是由程序员控制的。

然后，我们建立一个测试类，来实现调用DBOpenHelper中的方法来创建数据库DBTest.java：

package cn.itcast.test;
public class DBTest extends AndroidTestCase {
   public void testCreateDB() throws Exception{
		DBOpenHelper dbOpenHelper = new DBOpenHelper(getContext());
		dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
	}
}

关于测试需要在AndroidManifest.xml中配置几条语句，这点不要忘了。

运行测试发现在File Explorer视图中的/data/data/cn.itcast.db/databases目录下有个itcast.db的文件，就是我们创建的数据库了。

二、完成增删改查CRUD操作：

我们用Person来做例子

首先，用建立一个javabean：Person.java

package cn.itcast.domain;

public class Person {
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	private String phone;
	private Integer amount;
	
	public Person(){}
	
	public Person(String name, String phone, Integer amount) {
		this.name = name;
		this.phone = phone;
		this.amount = amount;
	}

	public Person(Integer id, String name, String phone, Integer amount) {
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.phone = phone;
		this.amount = amount;
	}
	public Integer getAmount() {
		return amount;
	}

	public void setAmount(Integer amount) {
		this.amount = amount;
	}

	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getPhone() {
		return phone;
	}
	public void setPhone(String phone) {
		this.phone = phone;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", phone=" + phone
				+ ", amount=" + amount + "]";
	}


	
}

然后，我们需要编写业务层的类，PersonService.java

package cn.itcast.service;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;

import cn.itcast.domain.Person;

public class PersonService {
	private DBOpenHelper dbOpenHelper;

	
	public PersonService(Context context) {
		this.dbOpenHelper = new DBOpenHelper(context);
	}

	/**
	 * 添加记录
	 * @param person
	 */
	public void save(Person person){
		SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
		db.execSQL("insert into person(name, phone, amount) values(?,?,?)",
				new Object[]{person.getName(), person.getPhone(), person.getAmount()});
	}
	/**
	 * 删除记录
	 * @param id 记录ID
	 */
	public void delete(Integer id){
		SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
		db.execSQL("delete from person where personid=?", new Object[]{id});
	}
	/**
	 * 更新记录
	 * @param person
	 */
	public void update(Person person){
		SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
		db.execSQL("update person set name=?,phone=?,amount=? where personid=?",
				new Object[]{person.getName(), person.getPhone(),  person.getAmount(), person.getId()});
	}
	/**
	 * 查询记录
	 * @param id 记录ID
	 * @return
	 */
	public Person find(Integer id){
		SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select * from person where personid=?", new String[]{id.toString()});
		if(cursor.moveToFirst()){
			int personid = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("personid"));
			int amount = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("amount"));
			String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
			String phone = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("phone"));
			return new Person(personid, name, phone, amount);
		}
		cursor.close();
		return null;
	}
	/**
	 * 分页获取记录
	 * @param offset 跳过前面多少条记录
	 * @param maxResult 每页获取多少条记录
	 * @return
	 */
	public List<Person> getScrollData(int offset, int maxResult){
		List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
		SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select * from person order by personid asc limit ?,?",
				new String[]{String.valueOf(offset), String.valueOf(maxResult)});
		while(cursor.moveToNext()){
			int personid = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("personid"));
			int amount = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("amount"));
			String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
			String phone = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("phone"));
			persons.add(new Person(personid, name, phone, amount));
		}
		cursor.close();
		return persons;
	}
	/**
	 * 分页获取记录
	 * @param offset 跳过前面多少条记录
	 * @param maxResult 每页获取多少条记录
	 * @return
	 */
	public Cursor getCursorScrollData(int offset, int maxResult){
		SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select personid as _id,name,phone,amount from person order by personid asc limit ?,?",
				new String[]{String.valueOf(offset), String.valueOf(maxResult)});
		return cursor;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 获取记录总数
	 * @return
	 */
	public long getCount(){
		SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select count(*) from person", null);
		cursor.moveToFirst();
		long result = cursor.getLong(0);
		cursor.close();
		return result;
	}
}

然后，我们就需要执行测试了PersonServiceTest.java:

package cn.itcast.test;

import java.util.List;

import cn.itcast.domain.Person;
import cn.itcast.service.DBOpenHelper;
import cn.itcast.service.PersonService;
import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
import android.util.Log;

public class PersonServiceTest extends AndroidTestCase {
	private static final String TAG = "PersonServiceTest";
	
	public void testCreateDB() throws Exception{
		DBOpenHelper dbOpenHelper = new DBOpenHelper(getContext());
		dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
	}
	
	public void testSave() throws Exception{
		PersonService service = new PersonService(this.getContext());
		for(int i = 0 ; i < 20 ; i++){
			Person person = new Person("zhangxx"+ i, "136765765"+ i, 100);
			service.save(person);
		}
	}
	
	public void testDelete() throws Exception{
		PersonService service = new PersonService(this.getContext());
		service.delete(21);
	}
	
	public void testUpdate() throws Exception{
		PersonService service = new PersonService(this.getContext());
		Person person = service.find(1);
		person.setName("zhangxiaoxiao");
		service.update(person);
	}
	
	public void testFind() throws Exception{
		PersonService service = new PersonService(this.getContext());
		Person person = service.find(1);
		Log.i(TAG, person.toString());
	}
	
	public void testScrollData() throws Exception{
		PersonService service = new PersonService(this.getContext());
		List<Person> persons = service.getScrollData(0, 5);
		for(Person person : persons){
			Log.i(TAG, person.toString());
		}
	}
	
	public void testCount() throws Exception{
		PersonService service = new PersonService(this.getContext());
		long result = service.getCount();
		Log.i(TAG, result+"");
	}

	public void testUpdateAmount() throws Exception{
		PersonService service = new PersonService(this.getContext());
		Person person1 = service.find(1);
		Person person2 = service.find(2);
		person1.setAmount(100);
		person2.setAmount(50);
		service.update(person1);
		service.update(person2);
		
	}
}

可以在找到itcast.db之后，通过下载：SQLite Explorer来打开查看