AIDL在项目中用的真的很少,所以每次学完,过段时间关于使用aidl的步骤就会忘记,所以用笔记记录下来,避免每次都要百度。
首先建立一个AIDLProject工程。
工程中建立两个module分别为aidlclient(客户端)、aidlserver(服务端)。
先写服务端
aidl支持传递的数据类型:
- Java 的原生类型
6种数字类型:byte(1字节)、short(2字节)、int(4字节)、long(8字节)、float(4字节)、double(8字节)
1种字符类型:char(2字节)
1种布尔类型:boolean(1字节)
String 和CharSequence
List 和 Map ,List和Map 对象的元素必须是AIDL支持的数据类型; 以上三种类型都不需要导入(import)
AIDL 自动生成的接口 需要导入(import)
实现android.os.Parcelable 接口的类. 需要导入(import)。
1、基本类型的aidl传递
在aidlserver中新建aidl的folder文件夹
aidl文件夹和java、res处于同级:
新建IConnect.aidl文件
// IConnect.aidl
package com.aidl.server;
// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
interface IConnect {
String connect();
}
新建IConnect.aidl文件,然后紧接着执行Build->Make Project,编译该aidl文件
在java文件夹中包下新建ConnectService继承Service
package com.aidl.server;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
public class ConnectService extends Service {
public ConnectService() {
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
// TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
return new MyBinder();
}
class MyBinder extends IConnect.Stub
{
@Override
public String connect() throws RemoteException {
rethrows RemoteException {
return "connect success";
}
}
}
在清单文件中配置ConnectService的Action
<service
android:name=".ConnectService"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.aidl.server.connect" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
至此服务端的就完成了。
客户端aidlclient
把服务端aidlserver中的aidl文件夹复制到客户端aidlclient中。同样编译Build->Make Project。
在MainActivity中连接服务端
布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<Button
android:layout_width="150dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:text="connect测试"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:onClick="test"
/>
</LinearLayout>
MainActivity.java代码
在android5.0之后谷歌默认不允许隐式启动Service,有两种方法可以解决
1、createExplicitFromImplicitIntent用这个方法处理Intent
2、设置包名intent.setPackage(“com.aidl.server”);
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private IConnect iConnect;
Intent connect;
Intent connect1;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
aidlconnect();
}
private void aidlconnect() {
connect1 = new Intent();
connect1.setAction("com.aidl.server.connect");
//intent.setPackage("com.aidl.server");
connect = new Intent(createExplicitFromImplicitIntent(this,connect1)) ;
bindService(connect,conn,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder service) {
iConnect = IConnect.Stub.asInterface(service);
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {
}
};
public static Intent createExplicitFromImplicitIntent(Context context, Intent implicitIntent) {
// Retrieve all services that can match the given intent
PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
List<ResolveInfo> resolveInfo = pm.queryIntentServices(implicitIntent, 0);
// Make sure only one match was found
if (resolveInfo == null || resolveInfo.size() != 1) {
return null;
}
// Get component info and create ComponentName
ResolveInfo serviceInfo = resolveInfo.get(0);
String packageName = serviceInfo.serviceInfo.packageName;
String className = serviceInfo.serviceInfo.name;
ComponentName component = new ComponentName(packageName, className);
// Create a new intent. Use the old one for extras and such reuse
Intent explicitIntent = new Intent(implicitIntent);
// Set the component to be explicit
explicitIntent.setComponent(component);
return explicitIntent;
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unbindService(conn);
}
客户端也写好了,接下来就是测试
先运行服务端aidlserver,再运行客户端aidlclient
至此基本类型的aidl数据传递完成了。
2、自定义类型的aidl传递
同样先写服务端aidlserver
在java中新建一个自定义类型如User.java
package com.aidl.server;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;
/**
* Created by Tony on 2017/6/10.
*/
public class User implements Parcelable{
private String name;
private String age;
public User(String name, String age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "name "+name+" age "+age;
}
protected User(Parcel in) {
name = in.readString();
age = in.readString();
}
public static final Creator<User> CREATOR = new Creator<User>() {
@Override
public User createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
return new User(in);
}
@Override
public User[] newArray(int size) {
return new User[size];
}
};
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public int describeContents() {
return 0;
}
@Override
public void writeToParcel(Parcel parcel, int i) {
parcel.writeStrin自定义数据类型完成后,需要在aidl文件夹中新建一个和自定义数据类型同名的aidl文件这里需要User.aidl,用来指定User类的me);
parcel.writeString(age);
}
}
这个User必须序列化,aidl传递的数据类型包括(实现android.os.Parcelable 接口的类. 需要导入(import)。)
自定义数据类型完成后,需要在aidl文件夹中新建一个和自定义数据类型同名的aidl文件这里需要User.aidl,用来指定User类的位置,User用小写的parcelable修饰。
package com.aidl.server;
parcelable User;
再定义一个用来操作User类的aidl接口,IUser.aidl
这里需要import这个User类
如果方法参数的类型不是原生类型,如String,List或自定义实体类,需要使用in、 out或 inout 修饰,in表示这个值被客户端设置; out 表示这个值被服务端设置,inout 表示这个值既被客户端设置,又被服务端设置.
// IUser.aidl
package com.aidl.server;
import com.aidl.server.User;
// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
interface IUser {
String getName();
User getUser(in String name,in String age);
}
然后同样Build->Make Project编译IUser.aidl文件
新建UserService继承Service,实现IUser.Stub
package com.aidl.server;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
public class UserService extends Service {
public UserService() {
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
// TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
return new MyBinder();
}
class MyBinder extends IUser.Stub {
@Override
public String getName() throws RemoteException {
return "tony";
}
@Override
public User getUser(String name, String age) throws RemoteException {
return new User(name,age);
}
}
}
在清单文件中配置UserService
<service
android:name=".UserService"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.aidl.server.user" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
自此自定义数据aidl服务端就完成了。
自定义数据传递aidl客户端
需要将服务端的User.java、IUser.aidl、User.aidl三个文件拷贝到客户端的aidl文件夹中,然后Build->Make Project,编译,这个时候会出错找不到User.java类,因为User在aidl文件夹下,所以要在build.gradle配置sourceSets
sourceSets {
main{
java.srcDirs=['src/main/java','src/main/aidl']
}
}
再次Build->Make Project就可以了。
再客户端aidlclient中连接服务端aidlserver
布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<Button
android:layout_width="150dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:text="获取user对象测试"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:onClick="loaduser"
/>
</LinearLayout>
MainActivity.java
package com.aidl.client;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.aidl.server.IConnect;
import com.aidl.server.IUser;
import java.util.List;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private IUser iUser;
Intent userintent;
Intent userintent1;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
aidluser();
}
private void aidluser() {
userintent1 = new Intent();
userintent1.setAction("com.aidl.server.user");
//intent.setPackage("com.aidl.server");
userintent = new Intent(createExplicitFromImplicitIntent(this,userintent1));
bindService(userintent,connuser,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
public void loaduser(View v){
try {
//客户端传参数
Toast.makeText(this,iUser.getUser("tony","20").toString(),Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
ServiceConnection connuser = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder service) {
iUser = IUser.Stub.asInterface(service);
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {
}
};
public static Intent createExplicitFromImplicitIntent(Context context, Intent implicitIntent) {
// Retrieve all services that can match the given intent
PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
List<ResolveInfo> resolveInfo = pm.queryIntentServices(implicitIntent, 0);
// Make sure only one match was found
if (resolveInfo == null || resolveInfo.size() != 1) {
return null;
}
// Get component info and create ComponentName
ResolveInfo serviceInfo = resolveInfo.get(0);
String packageName = serviceInfo.serviceInfo.packageName;
String className = serviceInfo.serviceInfo.name;
ComponentName component = new ComponentName(packageName, className);
// Create a new intent. Use the old one for extras and such unbindService(connuser);
reuse
Intent explicitIntent = new Intent(implicitIntent);
// Set the component to be explicit
explicitIntent.setComponent(component);
return explicitIntent;
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unbindService(connuser);
}
}
接下来就是测试了
先运行服务端,再运行客户端测试如下:
自此自定义数据类型的aidl的传递就结束了。
源码地址: