11.1 打开文件
open
11.2 文件的基本方法
三个标准流:
标准数据输入源:sys.stdin
输出:sys.stdout
错误输出:sys.stderr
11.2.1 读取和写入
>>> f = open('f://somefile.txt','w')
>>> f.write('Hello,')
6
>>> f.write('World!')
6
>>> f.close()
>>> f = open('f://somefile.txt','r')
>>> f.read(4)
'Hell'
>>> f.read()
'o,World!'
>>> f.close()
>>>
11.2.2 使用管道重定向输出
#wordcount.py
#计算sys.stdin中包含多少个单词的简单脚本
import sys
text = sys.stdin.read()
words = text.split()
wordcount = len(words)
print('wordcount:',word)
cat somefile.txt | python wordcount.py
11.2.3 读取和写入行
readlines 和 writelines
11.2.4 关闭文件
close将文件关闭。
#在这里打开文件
try:
# 将数据写入到文件中
finally:
file.close()
#with语句
with open("somefile.txt") as somefile:
do_something(somefile)
11.2.5 使用文本的基本方法
>>> f = open(r'f:\somefile.txt')
>>> f.read(7)
'Welcome'
>>> f.read(4)
' to '
>>> f.close()
>>> f = open(r'f;\somefile.txt')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#16>", line 1, in <module>
f = open(r'f;\somefile.txt')
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'f;\\somefile.txt'
>>> f = open(r'f:\somefile.txt')
>>> f.read()
'Welcome to this file\nThere is nothing here except\nThis stupid haiku'
>>> f.close()
>>> f = open(r'f:\somefile.txt')
>>> for i in range(3):
print(str(i) + ': ' + f.readline())
0: Welcome to this file
1: There is nothing here except
2: This stupid haiku
>>> f.readlines()
[]
>>> f.close()
>>> f = open(r'f:\somefile.txt')
>>> f.readlines()
['Welcome to this file\n', 'There is nothing here except\n', 'This stupid haiku']
>>> f.close()
>>> f = open(r'f:\somefile.txt')
>>> f.write('this\nis\nhaiku')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#30>", line 1, in <module>
f.write('this\nis\nhaiku')
io.UnsupportedOperation: not writable
>>> f.close()
>>> f = open(r'f:\somefile.txt','w')
>>> f.write('this\nis no\nhaiku')
16
>>> f.close()
>>>
11.3 迭代文件内容
11.3.1 每次一个字符(或字节)
#使用read遍历字符
with open(r'f:somefile.txt') as f:
char = f.read(1)
while char:
print("processing: ",char)
char = f.read(1)
#以不同的方式编写循环
with open(r'f:somefile.txt') as f:
while True:
char = f.read(1)
if not char: break
print("processing:",char)
11.3.2 每次一行
#每次一行
with open(r'f:\somefile.txt') as f:
while True:
line = f.readline()
if not line: break
print("process:" + line)
11.3.3 读取所有内容
#使用read迭代字符
with open(r'f:\somefile.txt') as f:
for char in f.read():
print("process: " + char)
#使用readlines迭代行
with open(r'f:\somefile.txt') as f:
for line in f.readlines():
print("process: " + line)
11.3.4 使用fileinput实现延迟行迭代
说它延迟是因为它只读取实际需要的文本部分。
#使用fileinput迭代行
import fileinput
for line in fileinput.input(r'f:\somefile.txt'):
print("process: " + line)
11.3.5 文件迭代器(最酷最常见的方法)
#迭代文件
with open(r'f:somefile.txt') as f:
for line in f:
print("process: " + line)
11.4 小结