MySQL utf8与utf8mb4

报错信息：

java.lang.RuntimeException: java.sql.SQLException: 
Incorrect string value: '\\xF0\\x9F\\x9A\\xB9\\xE4\\xBC...' for column 'xxx' ...

引起的原因：
在varchar类型的字段里面插入的text包含emoj表情。
MySQL 5.5.3 版本以下，CHARACTER SET 为 utf8 的字段最长只有3个字节。
查看MySQL版本可用以下命令：

mysql> status;
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.17, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:      5
Current database:   
Current user:       root@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:      stdout
Using outfile:      ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:     5.7.17-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 (Ubuntu)
Protocol version:   10
Connection:     Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8mb4
Db     characterset:    utf8mb4
Client characterset:    utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:    utf8mb4
UNIX socket:        /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Uptime:         1 hour 28 min 58 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 28  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 116  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 29  Queries per second avg: 0.005
--------------

查看相关字符集设置信息(下面是我修改后的，修改前utf8mb4处都为utf8)：

mysql>  show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

查看所有字符集信息：