linux安装mysql

```
Mysql的安装使用
    MySQL规范的大小写
    mysql 关系型数据库 专门存储数据的
1.部署mysql
    1.1rpm包部署mysql，简单，路径固化，安装目录打散，不适合企业使用
    mysql.x86_64
    mysql-server.x86_64
    1.2二进制编译部署，企业使用这种，可以自己设定路径
2.如何安装mysql
    hackerUncle
    https://github.com/HackerUncle
    1.Download and Check MD5 检查包是否完整
        md5sum 可以生产一个文件的MD5码，防止网络丢包，下载的文件不全
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 ~]# cd /usr/local 一般部署在这
wget 下载
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz.md5

[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# vi mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz.md5
61affe944eff55fcf51b31e67f25dc10  mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# md5sum mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
61affe944eff55fcf51b31e67f25dc10  mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

2.Check isnot install检查是否安装
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# ps -ef|grep mysqld 看是否有mysql服务
root      2493  2423  0 19:48 pts/3    00:00:00 grep mysqld 
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# rpm -qa |grep -i mysql 查看包

3.tar and mv 解压和重命名
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# tar -xzvf mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# mv mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql

4.Create group and user  创建组和用户
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# groupadd -g 101 dba
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# useradd -u 514 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# id mysqladmin
uid=514(mysqladmin) gid=101(dba) groups=101(dba),0(root)
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# passwd mysqladmin 可以不配置密码
Changing password for user mysqladmin.
New UNIX password: 
BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic
Retype new UNIX password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# 

## if user mysqladmin is existing,please execute the following command of usermod.如果创建用户存在，就配置下面的命令
##[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# usermod -u 514 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin #

## copy 环境变量配置文件至mysqladmin用户的home目录中,为了以下步骤配置个人环境变量

[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# cp /etc/skel/.* /usr/local/mysql  ###important
cp: omitting directory `/etc/skel/.'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/skel/..'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/skel/.mozilla'

5.Create /etc/my.cnf(640)  创建配置文件
#defualt start: /etc/my.cnf->/etc/mysql/my.cnf->SYSCONFDIR/my.cnf->$MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf-> --defaults-extra-file->~/my.cnf 
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 mysql]# cd /etc/
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 etc]# touch my.cnf
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 etc]# vi my.cnf
[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
query_cache_size= 32M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=32M

table_open_cache = 512
thread_cache_size = 8
wait_timeout = 86400
interactive_timeout = 86400
max_connections = 600

# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 32

#isolation level and default engine 
default-storage-engine = INNODB
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED

server-id  = 1
basedir     = /usr/local/mysql
datadir     = /usr/local/mysql/data
pid-file     = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid

#open performance schema
log-warnings
sysdate-is-now

binlog_format = MIXED
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
log-error  = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin
#other logs
#general_log =1
#general_log_file  = /usr/local/mysql/data/general_log.err
#slow_query_log=1
#slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/slow_log.err

#for replication slave
#log-slave-updates 
#sync_binlog = 1

#for innodb options 
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:500M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/arch
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_log_file_size = 200M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 50M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 100
#innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1

#innodb io features: add for mysql5.5.8
performance_schema
innodb_read_io_threads=4
innodb-write-io-threads=4
innodb-io-capacity=200
#purge threads change default(0) to 1 for purge
innodb_purge_threads=1
innodb_use_native_aio=on

#case-sensitive file names and separate tablespace
innodb_file_per_table = 1
lower_case_table_names=1

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

注：在复制文件的时候，如果我们不是编辑模式去粘贴的话，我们会丢失第一行的一些字母，一定要注意这个问题
    修改innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M 消耗虚拟机内存，生产上一般8个G  12个G都可以


6.chown and chmod privileges and try first install
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# chown  mysqladmin:dba /etc/my.cnf 
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# chmod  640 /etc/my.cnf  
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 etc]# ll my.cnf
-rw-r----- 1 mysqladmin dba 2201 Aug 25 23:09 my.cnf

[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# chown -R mysqladmin:dba /usr/local/mysql 修改家目录
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql 
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# su - mysqladmin 
[mysqladmin@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 ~]$ pwd
/usr/local/mysql
创建binlog文件，归档文件
[mysqladmin@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 ~]$ mkdir arch
[mysqladmin@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 ~]$ scripts/mysql_install_db ###import
Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory #缺少libaio.so 包

###see version
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 (mockbuild@builder10.centos.org) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-46)) #1 SMP Wed Jan 20 07:32:21 EST 2010

[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# rpm -qa |grep gcc
libgcc-4.1.2-46.el5_4.2
libgcc-4.1.2-46.el5_4.2
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# yum -y install libaio
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
base-tn54                                                                                              | 1.1 kB     00:00     
tn-appv1                                                                                               |  951 B     00:00     
updates-tn54                                                                                           |  951 B     00:00     
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libaio.i386 0:0.3.106-3.2 set to be updated
---> Package libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.106-3.2 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==============================================================================================================================
 Package                    Arch                       Version                            Repository                     Size
==============================================================================================================================
Installing:
 libaio                     i386                       0.3.106-3.2                        base-tn54                      19 k
 libaio                     x86_64                     0.3.106-3.2                        base-tn54                      19 k

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================
Install      2 Package(s)         
Update       0 Package(s)         
Remove       0 Package(s)         

Total download size: 38 k
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): libaio-0.3.106-3.2.i386.rpm                                                                     |  19 kB     00:00     
(2/2): libaio-0.3.106-3.2.x86_64.rpm                                                                   |  19 kB     00:00     
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                         452 kB/s |  38 kB     00:00     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing     : libaio                                                                                                 1/2 
  Installing     : libaio                                                                                                 2/2 

Installed:
  libaio.i386 0:0.3.106-3.2                                    libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.106-3.2                                   

Complete!

7.Again  install
[mysqladmin@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 ~]$ scripts/mysql_install_db  --user=mysqladmin --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data 
Installing MySQL system tables...2015-08-25 22:49:02 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2015-08-25 22:49:02 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2015-08-25 22:49:02 11713 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2015-08-25 22:49:02 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2015-08-25 22:49:02 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2015-08-25 22:49:02 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2015-08-25 22:49:02 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2015-08-25 22:49:02 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2015-08-25 22:49:02 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2015-08-25 22:49:02 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2015-08-25 22:49:02 11713 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created!
2015-08-25 22:49:02 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB
2015-08-25 22:49:02 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
2015-08-25 22:49:03 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB
2015-08-25 22:49:07 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB
2015-08-25 22:49:12 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
2015-08-25 22:49:12 11713 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781
2015-08-25 22:49:12 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
2015-08-25 22:49:12 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
2015-08-25 22:49:12 11713 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2015-08-25 22:49:12 11713 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2015-08-25 22:49:12 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
2015-08-25 22:49:12 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.
2015-08-25 22:49:12 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created.
2015-08-25 22:49:12 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2015-08-25 22:49:12 11713 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.23 started; log sequence number 0
2015-08-25 22:49:13 11713 [Note] Binlog end
2015-08-25 22:49:13 11713 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2015-08-25 22:49:13 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11713 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977
OK

Filling help tables...2015-08-25 22:49:15 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11735 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11735 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11735 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11735 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11735 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11735 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11735 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11735 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11735 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11735 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11735 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11735 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11735 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.23 started; log sequence number 1625977
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11735 [Note] Binlog end
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11735 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2015-08-25 22:49:15 11735 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2015-08-25 22:49:17 11735 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

  ./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
  ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -h sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:

  ./bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:

  cd . ; ./bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl

  cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/

The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at

  http://www.mysql.com

Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com
New default config file was created as ./my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings

WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system
This file will be read by default by the MySQL server
If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the
--defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server

8.Configure mysql service and boot auto start
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
#将服务文件拷贝到init.d下，并重命名为mysql
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql 
#赋予可执行权限
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
#删除服务
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 mysql]# chkconfig --del mysql
#添加服务
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 mysql]# chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 mysql]# vi /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local

su - mysqladmin -c "/etc/init.d/mysql start --federated"

"/etc/rc.local" 9L, 278C written


配置自己的环境变量
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH

9.Start mysql and to view process and listening

[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 mysql]# su - mysqladmin
[mysqladmin@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 ~]$ pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[mysqladmin@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 ~]$ rm -rf my.cnf
[mysqladmin@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 ~]$ mysqld_safe &
[1] 11802
[mysqladmin@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 ~]$ 150825 22:53:38 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err'.
150825 22:53:38 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data/
150825 22:53:39 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid ended
[mysqladmin@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 ~]$ 



[mysqladmin@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 ~]$ ps -ef|grep mysqld
514       6247  6219  0 17:30 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
514       6902  6247  2 17:30 pts/1    00:00:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid --socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock --port=3306
514       6927  6219  0 17:31 pts/1    00:00:00 grep mysqld

[mysqladmin@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 ~]$ netstat -tulnp | grep mysql
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp        0      0 :::3306                     :::*                        LISTEN      11541/mysqld        

[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# service mysql status
MySQL running (21507)                                      [  OK  ]

10.Login mysql 
[mysqladmin@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 ~]$ mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
11.Update password and Purge user
mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> update user set password=password('password') where user='root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4  Changed: 4  Warnings: 0
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host           | user | password                                  |
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost      | root | *6340BE3C15D246B0D74BAF3F135915ED19E0069F |
| sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 | root | *6340BE3C15D246B0D74BAF3F135915ED19E0069F |
| 127.0.0.1      | root | *6340BE3C15D246B0D74BAF3F135915ED19E0069F |
| ::1            | root | *6340BE3C15D246B0D74BAF3F135915ED19E0069F |
| localhost      |      |                                           |
| sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 |      |                                           |
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from user where user='';
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host           | user | password                                  |
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost      | root | *6340BE3C15D246B0D74BAF3F135915ED19E0069F |
| sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 | root | *6340BE3C15D246B0D74BAF3F135915ED19E0069F |
| 127.0.0.1      | root | *6340BE3C15D246B0D74BAF3F135915ED19E0069F |
| ::1            | root | *6340BE3C15D246B0D74BAF3F135915ED19E0069F |
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;

12.Configure .bash_profile
[mysqladmin@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 ~]$ cat .bash_profile 
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs
MYSQL_BASE=/usr/local/mysql
export MYSQL_BASE
PATH=$PATH:${MYSQL_BASE}/bin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/opt/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/local/mysql
export PATH

unset USERNAME

#stty erase ^H
set umask to 022
umask 022
PS1=`uname -n`":"'$USER'":"'$PWD'":>"; export PS1

alias l="ls -ltr"
alias la="ls -la"
alias d="df -lk"
#alias rm="rm -i"
alias bg="ps -aef|grep mysql"
alias base="cd /usr/local/mysql"
alias bin="cd //usr/local/mysql/bin"
alias dba="cd /usr/local/mysql/dba"
alias sh="cd /usr/local/mysql/dba/sh"
alias sql="cd /usr/local/mysql/dba/sql"
alias config="cd /usr/local/mysql/dba/config"
alias dbalog="cd /usr/local/mysql/dba/log"
alias arch="cd /usr/local/mysql/arch"
alias data="cd /usr/local/mysql/data"
## endendend


Remark:
    Error1: File '/usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin.index' not found (Errcode: 13)
        test2.localdomain:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql/arch:>chmod 755 *
        test2.localdomain:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql/arch:>chown –R mysqladmin:dba *
    ```
    新建数据库，并且新建可以访问的用户
        -----------------------------------------------
        create database ruozedb;
        grant all privileges on ruozedb.* to ruoze@'%' identified by '123456';
        flush privileges;