Java学习笔记——异常

异常的体系结构和异常的分类

虚拟机默认处理异常的方式

throws声明异常

声明异常的注意事项

throws抛出异常

try…catch自己处理异常

try…catch的常见问题

throwable成员方法

package top.djzxdx.www.throwsdemo;

public class throwsdemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {1,2,3,4,5};
        try {
            System.out.println(arr[10]);
        } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("哈哈哈");
    }
}

异常的小练习

学生类：

package top.xxx.www.throwsdemo;

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        if (age >= 18 && age <= 25) {
            this.age = age;
        }else{
            throw new RuntimeException("年龄范围有误");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

学生测试类：

package top.xxx.www.throwsdemo;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StudentDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student stu = new Student();
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入姓名：");
        String s = sc.nextLine();
        stu.setName(s);
        while(true){
            System.out.println("请输入年龄：");
            String s1 = sc.nextLine();
            try {
                Integer integer = Integer.valueOf(s1);
                stu.setAge(integer);
                break;
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                System.out.println("您输入的不是数字！");
                continue;
            }catch (RuntimeException e) {
                System.out.println("您输入的年龄范围不正确！");
                continue;
            }
        }
        System.out.println(stu.toString());

    }
}

自定义异常

自己写一个异常类：

package top.djzxdx.www.throwsdemo;

public class AgeOutOfBoundsException extends RuntimeException{
    public AgeOutOfBoundsException() {
    }

    public AgeOutOfBoundsException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

修改Student类中的throw new异常类型：

package top.djzxdx.www.throwsdemo;

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        if (age >= 18 && age <= 25) {
            this.age = age;
        }else{
            throw new AgeOutOfBoundsException("年龄范围有误");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

修改学生测试类中的异常类型，同时把异常的提示信息打印在控制台：

package top.djzxdx.www.throwsdemo;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StudentDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student stu = new Student();
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入姓名：");
        String s = sc.nextLine();
        stu.setName(s);
        while(true){
            System.out.println("请输入年龄：");
            String s1 = sc.nextLine();
            try {
                Integer integer = Integer.valueOf(s1);
                stu.setAge(integer);
                break;
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                System.out.println("您输入的不是数字！");
                continue;
            }catch (AgeOutOfBoundsException e) {
                System.out.println(e.toString());
                System.out.println("您输入的年龄范围不正确！");
                continue;
            }
        }
        System.out.println(stu.toString());

    }
}