Spring学习之IOC

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-28 08:32:52 发布

黄国攀

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-28 08:32:52 发布

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分类专栏： SSH 文章标签： spring ioc

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u010857795/article/details/54948035

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一.IOC(Inversion of Control,控制反转)，获得依赖对象的方式反转了（所以也可以叫做DI依赖注入），传统方式是自己主动new一个object来获得对象，而使用spring IOC则是将获得对象的过程交给spring来实现，以此来解耦，换句话说，就是由spring来负责控制对象的生命周期和对象间的关系。

二.spirng IOC的2种方式：

a.set方式注入

b.构造器方式注入。

三.下面会分别演示传统的xml配置方式和基于注解的配置方式。

首先是实体类

Student.java

public class Student {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private String sex;
	
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	
	
}

然后是DAO层

StudentDao.java

import com.example.entity.Student;

public interface StudentDao {
	public void callMe();

	public void addOneStudent(Student student);
}

DAO实现类
StudentDaoImpl.java

public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {

	@Override
	public void callMe() {
		System.out.println("you have called me~~");
	}

	@Override
	public void addOneStudent(Student student) {
		
		System.out.println("you have added a new student~~"+student.getId() + "--" + student.getName() + "--" + student.getSex());
		
	}

}

set注入方式

SetDI.java

public class SetDI {

	
	private StudentDao studentDao;
	private Student student;
	
	public void setStudentDao(StudentDao studentDao) {
		this.studentDao = studentDao;
		System.out.println("set方式注入studentDao");
	}

	public void setStudent(Student student) {
		this.student = student;
		System.out.println("set方式注入student");
	}

	public void callMe() {
		studentDao.callMe();
	}
	
	public void addOneStudent() {
		studentDao.addOneStudent(student);
	}
}

xml配置

applicationContext.xml配置bean

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
	xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
	xsi:schemaLocation="  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.1.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">
    
	<bean name="studentDao" class="com.example.dao.impl.StudentDaoImpl"/>
	
	<bean name="student" class="com.example.entity.Student">
		<property name="id" value="1"></property>
		<property name="name" value="mike"></property>
		<property name="sex" value="male"></property>
	</bean>
	
        <!--set注入-->
	<bean name="setDI" class="com.example.DI.set.SetDI">
		<property name="studentDao" ref="studentDao"></property>
		<property name="student" ref="student"></property>
	</bean>
	
	
</beans>

测试类

Test.java

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		SetDI testSet = (SetDI) applicationContext.getBean("setDI");
		testSet.addOneStudent();
	}

}

2.构造器注入

ConsDI.java

public class ConsDI {

	private StudentDao studentDao;
	private Student student;
	
	public ConsDI(StudentDao studentDao, Student student) {
		this.studentDao = studentDao;
		this.student = student;
		System.out.println("构造方式注入student和studentDao");
	}
	
	public void addOneStudent() {
		studentDao.addOneStudent(student);
	}

}

xml配置

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
	xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
	xsi:schemaLocation="  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.1.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">
    
     <!-- 启用spring mvc 注解 -->
    <context:annotation-config />
    <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example"/>
    
	<bean name="studentDao" class="com.example.dao.impl.StudentDaoImpl"/>
	
	<bean name="student" class="com.example.entity.Student">
		<property name="id" value="1"></property>
		<property name="name" value="mike"></property>
		<property name="sex" value="male"></property>
	</bean>
	
	<!--构造器注入-->
	<bean name="consDI" class="com.example.DI.constructor.ConsDI">
		<constructor-arg ref="studentDao"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg ref="student"></constructor-arg>
	</bean> 
</beans>

测试类
Test.java

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		ConsDI testCons = (ConsDI) applicationContext.getBean("consDI");
		testCons.addOneStudent();
	}

}

基于注解的方式

@Service用于标注业务层组件
@Controller用于标注控制层组件（如struts中的action）
@Repository用于标注数据访问组件，即DAO组件
@Component泛指组件，当组件不好归类的时候，我们可以使用这个注解进行标注。

一些注解相关知识在这篇博客里面点击打开链接

Student.java

@Component  
public class Student {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private String sex;
	
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	
	
}

StudentDaoImpl.java

@Repository
public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {

	@Override
	public void callMe() {
		System.out.println("you have called me~~");
	}

	@Override
	public void addOneStudent(Student student) {
		
		System.out.println("you have added a new student~~"+student.getId() + "--" + student.getName() + "--" + student.getSex());
		
	}

}

基于注解的set注入

SetDI.java

@Service
public class SetDI {

	
	private StudentDao studentDao;
	private Student student;
	
	
	
	@Autowired
	public void setStudentDao(StudentDao studentDao) {
		this.studentDao = studentDao;
		System.out.println("set方式注入studentDao");
	}

	@Autowired
	public void setStudent(Student student) {
		this.student = student;
		System.out.println("set方式注入student");
	}

	public void callMe() {
		studentDao.callMe();
	}
	
	public void addOneStudent() {
		studentDao.addOneStudent(student);
	}
}

基于注解的构造器注入

ConsDI.java

@Service
public class ConsDI {

	private StudentDao studentDao;
	private Student student;
	
	@Autowired
	public ConsDI(StudentDao studentDao, Student student) {
		this.studentDao = studentDao;
		this.student = student;
		System.out.println("构造方式注入student和studentDao");
	}
	
	public void addOneStudent() {
		studentDao.addOneStudent(student);
	}

}

applicationContext.xml

需要开启注解并扫描要使用的注解包下的类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
	xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
	xsi:schemaLocation="  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.1.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">
    
     <!-- 启用spring mvc 注解 -->
    <context:annotation-config />
    <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example"/>

    <!--并不需要这个bean这里只是方便set数据  -->

    <bean name="student" class="com.example.entity.Student">
	<property name="id" value="1"></property>
	<property name="name" value="mike"></property>
	<property name="sex" value="male"></property>
    </bean>
	

</beans>

Test.java

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		SetDI testSet = (SetDI) applicationContext.getBean("setDI");
		testSet.addOneStudent();
		ConsDI testCons = (ConsDI) applicationContext.getBean("consDI");
		testCons.addOneStudent();
	}

}