在ubuntu 10.04 server 64位上安装oracle

1. 参考资料：

HOWTO install Oracle 11g on Ubuntu Linux 12.04 (Precise Pangolin) 64bits

2. 准备工作

2.1 下载Oracle 11g 64 bits for Linux

下载地址： http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

在此例程中安装的版本是 Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Standard Edition, Standard Edition One, and Enterprise Edition V 11.2.0.1.0  Linux x86-64

要注意要下载两个文件，file1_2和file2_2，下载时需要注册，就按照步骤注册一下就好了

下载后解压，要解压到同一个目录，推荐使用unzip命令，在本例中我解压后的文件目录为~/Downloads/database

2.2 创建用户

具体命令如下

sudo groupadd oinstall
sudo groupadd dba
sudo mkdir -p /opt/oracle
sudo useradd -g oinstall -G dba  -d /opt/oracle -s /bin/bash oracle
sudo passwd oracle
sudo chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle

2.3 修改配置文件

修改 /etc/sysctl.conf文件

sudo vim /etc/sysctl.conf

添加下面内容

#
# Oracle 11g
#
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# Replace kernel.shmmax with the half of your memory in bytes
# if lower than 4Go minus 1
# 1073741824 is 1 GigaBytes
kernel.shmmax=1073741824

# Try sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range to get real values
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000  65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

# Max value allowed, should be set to avoid IO errors
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
# 512 * PROCESSES / what really means processes ?
fs.file-max = 6815744 

# To allow dba to allocate hugetlbfs pages
# 1001 is your oinstall group, id. grep oinstall /etc/group will give this value
vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 1002

注意，最后一行要填写 自己机器上oinstall group的gid，本例程中是1002，查看gid的方法可以是切换到oracle用户，然后使用以下命令

id

然后使用以下命令来设置这些参数

sudo sysctl -p 

再编辑/etc/security/limits.conf文件

sudo vim /etc/security/limits.conf

添加以下参数

# Oracle
oracle           soft    nproc   2047
oracle           hard    nproc   16384
oracle           soft    nofile  1024
oracle           hard    nofile  65536
oracle           soft    stack   10240

检查/etc/pam.d/login文件中有下面一行

session    required   pam_limits.so

编辑/etc/profile文件

sudo vim /etc/profile

添加如下内容

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
              ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
        else
              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
fi 

2.4 安装软件包

先更新软件源

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

安装下面这些软件，为方便执行， 后面有单行命令

sudo apt-get install alien
sudo apt-get install autoconf
sudo apt-get install automake 
sudo apt-get install autotools-dev
sudo apt-get install binutils
sudo apt-get install bzip2
sudo apt-get install doxygen
sudo apt-get install elfutils
sudo apt-get install expat
sudo apt-get install gawk
sudo apt-get install gcc
sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib
sudo apt-get install g++-multilib

# This will help preventing prevent from runInstaller terrific ./runInstaller: line 54: ./install/.oui: No such file or directory error message
sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

sudo apt-get install ksh
sudo apt-get install less
sudo apt-get install lesstif2
sudo apt-get install lesstif2-dev
sudo apt-get install lib32z1
sudo apt-get install libaio1
sudo apt-get install libaio-dev
sudo apt-get install libc6-dev
sudo apt-get install libc6-dev-i386
sudo apt-get install libc6-i386 
sudo apt-get install libelf-dev
sudo apt-get install libltdl-dev
sudo apt-get install libpth-dev
sudo apt-get install libpthread-stubs0
sudo apt-get install libpthread-stubs0-dev
sudo apt-get install libstdc++5
sudo apt-get install lsb-cxx
sudo apt-get install make
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
sudo apt-get install pdksh
sudo apt-get install rlwrap
sudo apt-get install rpm
sudo apt-get install sysstat
sudo apt-get install unixodbc
sudo apt-get install unixodbc-dev
sudo apt-get install unzip
sudo apt-get install x11-utils
sudo apt-get install zlibc 

sudo apt-get install alien autoconf automake autotools-dev binutils bzip2 doxygen elfutils expat gawk gcc gcc-multilib g++-multilib ia32-libs ksh less lesstif2 lesstif2-dev lib32z1 libaio1 libaio-dev libc6-dev libc6-dev-i386 libc6-i386 libelf-dev libltdl-dev libpth-dev libpthread-stubs0 libpthread-stubs0-dev lsb-cxx make openssh-server pdksh rlwrap rpm sysstat unixodbc unixodbc-dev unzip x11-utils zlibc

在参考文章中还有libmotif4和libodbcinstq4-1和 libodbcinstq4-1:i386三个包，在10.04中版本不同，先安装低版本进行测试，命令为

sudo apt-get install libmotif3

2.5 创建符号链接

运行以下命令

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib64
sudo ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm 
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename 
cd /lib64
sudo ln -s /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 .

oracle11需要安装32位的 libstdc++5，安装过程如下

mkdir /tmp/libstdc++5
cd /tmp/libstdc++5
wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gcc-3.3/libstdc++5_3.3.6-17ubuntu1_amd64.deb
wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gcc-3.3/libstdc++5_3.3.6-17ubuntu1_i386.deb
sudo dpkg --force-architecture -i libstdc++5_3.3.6-17ubuntu1_i386.deb
sudo mv /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5* /usr/lib32/
sudo dpkg -i libstdc++5_3.3.6-17ubuntu1_amd64.deb

然后重启系统使设置生效

2.6 创建.bashrc文件

在10.04中，创建的oracle用户的home目录下并没有.bashrc文件，需要我们自己创建，具体代码如下

sudo su oracle
cd
touch .bashrc
ln -s .bashrc .bash_profile
vim .bashrc

在.bashrc中加入如下代码

umask 022

执行.bashrc文件

source .bashrc

3. 安装oracle

执行下面命令

xhost +
su oracle
export DISPLAY=:0
cd */database
./runInstaller