TOEFL 学习笔记（writing 4）

Should a city try to preserve its old, historic buildings or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings?

Historic buildings are symbols of cities.

Historic buildings serve as an important resource for historical education.

Historic buildings benefit the tourism industry.

Topic sentence + supporting details

Online games are harmful for one's personal growth.

Water plays a critical role in the development of human beings' civilization.

Commercials often allure people to buy things they do not need.

Now various kinds of luxury products are available in China.

Chanel / Dior / Gucci / Versace / Porsche / Hennessey 

The government is trying a serious of approaches / methods / means / ways to discourage people from taking drugs.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Business should do anything they can to make a profit. (I disagree.)

The most important thing that business need to realize is that they have to give priority to the rights of the customers.

Equally important, the benefits of the employees must be respected.

Business ought to pay careful attention to the quality of nature environment.

顾及 give priority to / respect / pay careful attention to 

for instance / to illustrate / as an illustration

a case in point is ...     A good example of this is ...        another example     

We may take...., ...., for example.

We can cite / quote..., ...., as an illustration.

Some famous athletes and entertainers earn millions of dollars every year. 

Do you think they deserve that high salary?

In the first place, famous entertainers or athletes are more talented than common people. Their high incomes are rewards for their talents.

We may take Yao Ming, a Chinese NBA superstar, for example. It was reported that Yao made nearly 20 million dollars in 2006. Why could Yao

get such a high salary? It is because Yao has huge talents. With a height of 2.26 meters, Yao is considered one of the most powerful centre forwards of 

the NBA. That is to say, he is the best player and he deserves the best salary.

Prince charming / sleeping beauty / Snow white

结果 consequently / therefore / as a result

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Renewable resources of energy (sun, wind, water) will soon replace resources of fossil fuels ( gas, oil and coal)

The using of fossil fuels has damaged the environment and threatened human beings' existence.

A good example of this is coal, the most popular energy resource. When coal is burned as fuel, it gives off carbon dioxide,

the main greenhouse gas that is linked with global warming. An increase in world temperatures causes broad changes, including

worldwide sea level rise. It also results in some extreme weather events, such as flood and drought.

Besides, burning coal also produces emissions, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, when they combines with moisture, it will

produce acid rain that can damage forest and pollute water.

With the rapid expansion of modern automobile industry, many significant problems have surfaced.

Car and truck exhausts pollute the air in metropolitan areas around the world and thus create serious human health problems.

The continued use of fossil fuel engines and the great demand of oil have led to plenty of international disputes and even wars, particular

in the oil rich region of the middle east.

As the powerful automobile industry remains reluctant and has yet to successfully promote an engine type that does not rely on gasoline power,

the problem of fossil fuel shortage will become an even more serious problem.

With the rapid expansion of modern automobile industry, many significant problems have surfaced. 

Car and truck exhausts pollute the air in the metropolitan areas around the world and thus create serious health problems.

The continued use of fossil fuel engines and the great demand of oil have led to plenty of international disputes and even wars, particularly in the oil

rich region of the Middle East.

As the powerful automobile industry remains reluctant and has yet to successfully promote an engine type that does not rely on gasoline power, the problem

of fossil fuel shortage will become an even more serious problem.

Do you prefer to live in a big city or a small city?

First and foremost, compared with small towns, big cities can offer more job opportunities.

A case in point is Guangzhou. There are thousands of companies, including modern and international companies such as P&G, TCL, and so on. These enterprises

need a great many managerial talent and workers. Besides, there are also a great many chances for people to start their own business. Consequently, millions of positions

can be offered to residents living or working in Guangzhou. Therefore, city residents can enjoy more job opportunities than those who live in the small towns.

Transitional words  all in all / in brief / to summarize / in summary / to conclude / in conclusion 

Taking above mentioned into consideration, an unshakable conclusion could be safely drawn that...

Balancing the advantages and disadvantages / positive effects and negative effects of ...

Weighing the pros and cons of the argument...

Why do you think people attend college or university?

In summary, I intend to stand on the side that students go to institutes of higher learning for three reasons. Some of them aim to learn knowledge and skills; some plan on finding their future husbands or wives; and for most of them, going to colleges or universities can help them grow up. No matter what their purposes are, they will learn something from their colleges or universities.

In summary, ....for three reasons. Firstly,....,Secondly,....,Thirdly,.....

Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed(damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live.

What is your opinion?

In brief, human activity has had harmful impacts on the Earth. For instance, human beings caused the global warming, the acid rain, and deforestation.

Human beings should take these problems seriously and try to resolve them to ensure their sustainable development and interests in the long run.

Human beings should take these problems seriously and try to resolve them to ensure...

address / tackle / overcome the problem

Looking further ahead, we can say (with full confidence / with certainty) that...

Looking further ahead, we can say with full confidence that China will raise its economic and social development to a new level in spite of the current difficulties.

Though waiting and hoping, we will be able to achieve our ultimate goal.