【数据结构与算法】二叉搜索树

//定义:一棵二叉树,对于任意的节点x,若y是x左子树的节点,则y.val <= x.val;若y是x右子树的节点,则y.val >= x.val;
class TreeNode{
    int val;
    TreeNode left;
    TreeNode right;
    // 这个属性有些操作需要,会是代码更简洁,空间换时间
    TreeNode parent;

    public TreeNode(int val){
        this.val = val;
    }
}

public class Solution {

    // 迭代版本比递归版本效率高
    public TreeNode search(TreeNode root, int val) {
        TreeNode itr = root;
        while (itr != null && itr.val != val) {
            if (itr.val < val) {
                itr =  itr.right;
            } else {
                itr = itr.left;
            }
        }
        return itr;
    }

    // 找bst的最右侧即可
    public TreeNode max(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return null;
        }
        TreeNode itr = root;
        while(itr.right != null) {
            itr = itr.right;
        }
        return itr;
    }

    // 找bst的最左侧即可
    public TreeNode min(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return null;
        }
        TreeNode itr = root;
        while(itr.left != null) {
            itr = itr.left;
        }
        return itr;
    }

    // 后继节点只有两种可能,一种是x的右子树的最小节点;另一种,如果没有右子树,就得找第一个右侧的父节点
    public TreeNode successor(TreeNode x) {
        if (x.right != null){
            return min(x.right);
        }

        while(x.parent.left != x){
            x = x.parent;
        }

        return x.parent;
    }

    // 插入算法与查找类似,一直遍历直到为空,就插在空的父节点下面
    public TreeNode insert(TreeNode root, TreeNode x) {
        TreeNode itr = root, p = null;
        while(itr != null){
            p = itr;
            if (itr.val > x.val) {
                itr = itr.left;
            } else {
                itr = itr.right;
            }
        }
        if (p == null) {
            return x;
        }

        if (p.val < x.val) {
            p.right = x;
        } else {
            p.left = x;
        }
        x.parent = p;
        return root;
    }

    // 删除操作比较复杂,共有四种情况。考虑一种简单的,即被删除的节点x至多有一个子树,那么很简单,只需要用x的子树代替x即可;
    // 事实上,所有四种情况都可以转化为这种简单情况来处理。
    // 一一来看:
    // 1. x.left空,用x.right替代x即可;
    // 2. x.right空,用x.left替代x即可;
    // 3. x.left和x.right都不空,先找x的后继,此时x的后继肯定位于右子树。如果x.right.left为空,那么x的后继其实就是x.right,此时用x.right替代x即可;
    // 4. x.left和x.right都不空,且x.right.left不为空,那么x的后继位于右子树的最小值。假设是y,y.left一定为空,那么可用y.right替换y,在用y替换x;
    public TreeNode delete(TreeNode root, TreeNode x) {
        if (x == null) {
            return null;
        }

        if (x.left == null) {
            return transfer(root, x, x.right);
        } else if (x.right == null){
            return transfer(root, x, x.left);
        } else {
            TreeNode successor = min(x.right); //找后继其实就是找右子树的最小值了
            if (successor.parent != x){
                transfer(root, successor, successor.right);
                successor.right = x.right;
                x.right.parent = successor;
            }
            successor.left = x.left;
            x.left.parent = successor;
            return transfer(root, x, successor);
        }
    }

    // 用y替代x,删除操作中的辅助函数,只调整父节点。
    public TreeNode transfer(TreeNode root, TreeNode x, TreeNode y) {
        if (x.parent == null) {
            return y;
        }
        if (x.parent.left == x) {
            x.parent.left = y;
        } else {
            x.parent.right = y;
        }
        if (y != null){
            y.parent = x.parent;
        }
        return root;
    }

    public void print(TreeNode root){
        if (root == null) {
            return;
        }
        print(root.left);
        System.out.println(root.val);
        print(root.right);
    }

    public static void main(String args[]){
        Solution solution = new Solution();
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(10);
        TreeNode n1 = new TreeNode(1);
        TreeNode n2 = new TreeNode(90);
        TreeNode n3 = new TreeNode(100);
        TreeNode n4 = new TreeNode(80);
        TreeNode n5 = new TreeNode(110);
        TreeNode n6 = new TreeNode(95);

        solution.insert(root, n1);
        solution.insert(root, n2);
        solution.insert(root, n3);
        solution.insert(root, n4);
        solution.insert(root, n5);
        solution.insert(root, n6);
        //System.out.println(new Solution().successor(n1).val);
        solution.print(root);

        solution.delete(root, n2);
        solution.print(root);
    }
}

附上《算法导论》删除操作的截图:

这里记录bst主要为了铺垫后面的红黑树。

 

补充,最近在刷leetcode,发现了一个递归删除的版本,更好理解:

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/delete-node-in-a-bst/

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public TreeNode deleteNode(TreeNode root, int key) {
        if (root == null) {
            return null;
        }

        // find
        if (root.val == key) { // 叶子节点直接删除
            if (root.left == null && root.right == null) {
                return null;
            }
            if (root.right != null) { // 找右子树的前驱代替root,递归删除右子树
                TreeNode preccessor = preccessor(root.right);
                preccessor.right = deleteNode(root.right, preccessor.val);
                preccessor.left = root.left;
                return preccessor;
            }
            if (root.left != null) { // 找左子树的后继代替root,递归删除左子树
                TreeNode successor = successor(root.left);
                successor.left = deleteNode(root.left, successor.val);
                successor.right = root.right;
                return successor;
            }
        } else if (root.val > key) {
            root.left = deleteNode(root.left, key);
        } else {
            root.right = deleteNode(root.right, key);
        }

        return root;
    }

    private TreeNode preccessor(TreeNode root) {
        TreeNode itr = root;
        while(itr.left != null) {
            itr = itr.left;
        }
        return itr;
    }

    private TreeNode successor(TreeNode root) {
        TreeNode itr = root;
        while(itr.right != null) {
            itr = itr.right;
        }
        return itr;
    }
}

删除时分为三种情况:

1.x就是要删除的

    1.1 如果x.left和x.right都为空,直接删除x;

    1.2 如果x.right不为空,找到x.right的前驱,替代x,递归从x.right删除前驱;

    1.3 如果x.left不为空,找到x.left的后继,替代x,递归从x.left删除后继;

2.否则从x.left或者x.right删除

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