Tomcat服务器深入理解分析上篇

在Web常用服务器篇章，我已经对Apache服务器和Tomcat做了对比和分析，知道了一些基本的东西。

总结一下：

Tomcat服务器 下载下来大概也就10多M

Tomcat服务器可以做动态资源的处理，支持PHP ASP, JSP servlet,CGI 等多种技术。

Tomcat服务器是用JAVA撸出来的，所以需要JAVAHOME环境变量和JVM Java visual mergin 作支持,因为同为java,所需对jsp解析是比较快的。

Tomcat 可以和Apache 分开处理动态资源和静态资源，以提高开发的效率

除了这些基本的，Tomcat还有那些特点呢。

解压了Tomcat 的目录：



了解一下Tomcat的目录结构：

从哪个文件夹开始呢：

从第一直觉当然是bin了，里面肯定包含了tomcat 服务器的启动和关闭。

除了这些能想到的还有写上什么：

以前的经验，图片上传后，会放到bin目录下，因为tomcat默认工作路径是bin

当我打开bin后，发现了第一个文件 是一个压缩包：

bootstrap.jar

暂时不知道是什么东东，但是我知道有一个前端框架叫做 Bootstrap

一个多月之后知道了： 启动内装载器(bootstrap)

JVM规范定义了两种类型的类装载器将class装入jvm：

1启动类装载器

2用户自定义类装载器

详细的之后会研究JVM的时候继续深入

之后我会去研究一个 jar 的构成和作用 

• catalina.bat

同样，先要搞清楚bat 格式 和 sh 格式的文件

.bat 文件 Dos 下的批处理文件也成批处理程序或者脚本， 当双击此文件，系统会调用Cmd.exe逐条运行文件中的命令。批处理文件可以简化日常，重复性的任务－－来自百度百科。

当我也想着对这个文件进行解读的时候，发现网上已经有大牛把它完整的解析了一遍。

当我打开后：

@echo off
rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
rem contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
rem the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
rem
rem http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
rem
rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
rem limitations under the License.

rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
rem Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server
rem
rem Environment Variable Prerequisites
rem
rem Do not set the variables in this script. Instead put them into a script
rem setenv.bat in CATALINA_BASE/bin to keep your customizations separate.
rem
rem CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
rem
rem CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
rem of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to
rem the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
rem
rem CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
rem "run" or "debug" command is executed.
rem Include here and not in JAVA_OPTS all options, that should
rem only be used by Tomcat itself, not by the stop process,
rem the version command etc.
rem Examples are heap size, GC logging, JMX ports etc.
rem
rem CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory
rem the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults to
rem %CATALINA_BASE%\temp.
rem
rem JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
rem Required to run the with the "debug" argument.
rem
rem JRE_HOME Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
rem Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty. If JRE_HOME and JAVA_HOME
rem are both set, JRE_HOME is used.
rem
rem JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when any command
rem is executed.
rem Include here and not in CATALINA_OPTS all options, that
rem should be used by Tomcat and also by the stop process,
rem the version command etc.
rem Most options should go into CATALINA_OPTS.
rem
rem JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of semi-colon separated directories
rem containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs
rem created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).
rem It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.
rem Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.
rem
rem JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"
rem command is executed. The default is "dt_socket".
rem
rem JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem command is executed. The default is 8000.
rem
rem JPDA_SUSPEND (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend
rem execution immediately after startup. Default is "n".
rem
rem JPDA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,
rem and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda
rem options MUST be specified. The default is:
rem
rem -agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,
rem address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
rem
rem LOGGING_CONFIG (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file
rem Example (all one line)
rem set LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
rem
rem LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager
rem Example (all one line)
rem set LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
rem
rem TITLE (Optional) Specify the title of Tomcat window. The default
rem TITLE is Tomcat if it's not specified.
rem Example (all one line)
rem set TITLE=Tomcat.Cluster#1.Server#1 [%DATE% %TIME%]
rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

setlocal

rem Suppress Terminate batch job on CTRL+C
if not ""%1"" == ""run"" goto mainEntry
if "%TEMP%" == "" goto mainEntry
if exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry
echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
if not exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry
echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
rem Use provided errorlevel
set RETVAL=%ERRORLEVEL%
del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1
exit /B %RETVAL%
:mainEntry
del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" >NUL 2>&1

rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined     查看是否在tomcat目录下，与startup.bat里相同
set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"
if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
cd ..
set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
:gotHome

if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
goto end
:okHome

rem Copy CATALINA_BASE from CATALINA_HOME if not defined    
if not "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotBase
set "CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%"
:gotBase

rem Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
rem but allow them to be specified in setenv.bat, in rare case when it is needed.
set CLASSPATH=

rem Get standard environment variables
if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat" goto checkSetenvHome
call "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat"
goto setenvDone
:checkSetenvHome
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat"

如果存在setenv.bat脚本，调用它，我的tomcat 没有这个脚本
:setenvDone

rem Get standard Java environment variables
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspath

 查看是否存在setclasspath. bat脚本，如果存在，转到okSetclasspath位置
echo Cannot find "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
echo This file is needed to run this program
goto end
:okSetclasspath
call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" %1
if errorlevel 1 goto end

rem Add on extra jar file to CLASSPATH
rem Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce random
rem quotes into the CLASSPATH
if "%CLASSPATH%" == "" goto emptyClasspath
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;"
:emptyClasspath
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar"

if not "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == "" goto gotTmpdir
set "CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%\temp"
:gotTmpdir

rem Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath
rem tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance
if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" goto juliClasspathHome
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
goto juliClasspathDone
:juliClasspathHome
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
:juliClasspathDone

if not "%LOGGING_CONFIG%" == "" goto noJuliConfig
set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Dnop
if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" goto noJuliConfig
set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file="%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
:noJuliConfig
set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_CONFIG%

if not "%LOGGING_MANAGER%" == "" goto noJuliManager
set LOGGING_MANAGER=-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
:noJuliManager
set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_MANAGER%

rem ----- Execute The Requested Command ---------------------------------------

echo Using CATALINA_BASE: "%CATALINA_BASE%"
echo Using CATALINA_HOME: "%CATALINA_HOME%"
echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdk
echo Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%"
goto java_dir_displayed
:use_jdk
echo Using JAVA_HOME: "%JAVA_HOME%"
:java_dir_displayed
echo Using CLASSPATH: "%CLASSPATH%"

set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA%
set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
set ACTION=start
set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=
set DEBUG_OPTS=
set JPDA=

if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda
set JPDA=jpda
if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport
set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket
:gotJpdaTransport
if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress
set JPDA_ADDRESS=8000
:gotJpdaAddress
if not "%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspend
set JPDA_SUSPEND=n
:gotJpdaSuspend
if not "%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOpts
set JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
:gotJpdaOpts
shift
:noJpda

if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug
if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun
if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart
if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop
if ""%1"" == ""configtest"" goto doConfigTest
if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion

echo Usage: catalina ( commands ... )
echo commands:
echo debug Start Catalina in a debugger
echo debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager
echo jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
echo run Start Catalina in the current window
echo run -security Start in the current window with security manager
echo start Start Catalina in a separate window
echo start -security Start in a separate window with security manager
echo stop Stop Catalina
echo configtest Run a basic syntax check on server.xml
echo version What version of tomcat are you running?
goto end

:doDebug
shift
set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB%
set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd

:doRun
shift
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd

:doStart
shift
if "%TITLE%" == "" set TITLE=Tomcat
set _EXECJAVA=start "%TITLE%" %_RUNJAVA%
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd

:doStop
shift
set ACTION=stop
set CATALINA_OPTS=
goto execCmd

:doConfigTest
shift
set ACTION=configtest
set CATALINA_OPTS=
goto execCmd

:doVersion
%_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
goto end


:execCmd
rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
:setArgs
if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
shift
goto setArgs
:doneSetArgs

rem Execute Java with the applicable properties
if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end

:end

尼玛，太多了，难怪这就是tomcat 最终要的脚本。完成了tomcat所有的操作！

至于脚本里写了些什么，肯定不需要特别的深究的。但是我看到我能明白的部分：

echo Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%"
goto java_dir_displayed
:use_jdk
echo Using JAVA_HOME: "%JAVA_HOME%"
:java_dir_displayed
echo Using CLASSPATH: "%CLASSPATH%"

呵呵呵，tomcat的启动是需要java虚拟机的。所以有jdk的配置使用还有jre的还有classpath

我就看懂了这么点儿。。。。。

然后看看了大牛的博客：

第一条@echo off

Dos程序中，echo off  是关闭显示回显的意思，然而@的作用不显示@后面这条指令本身。

表示，从此条指令开始，之后运行的程序不显示在屏幕上。

然后看到rem 那么多， 而且后面的全是些语言，傻瓜都知道那是注释，我也不用百度了，肯定是的

然后我还是查了百度。。。毫无疑问！就是注释， 和脚本文件中的：：是等效的。

说道了：就和goto一起说

遇到goto 就跳到：后面，就像汇编语言中的标识符一样。

后面的代码那么多，我不能花太多时间去研究了，但是看出来一些东西：

 catalina.bat咋一看还以为是什么windows程序，可以双击运行，实际上就是调用java命令运行Bootstrap类。从上面代码可以看出tomcat确实是一个纯java的程序，脚本最后都变成直接使用java命令执行程序，与我们普通写的java程序，没有什么不同。只不过由于 tomcat可以使用各种众多的模式（如debug,Security等），里面可以对tomcat的虚拟内存的大小，增长量等进行设置，以及各种需要各种参数所以不得不使用脚本来执行。---大牛

• catalina.sh

    

打开后，也是这些东西。java HOME 我也只认识javaHome。。。。

.sh文件：

shell脚本的后缀名

是linux和Unix 的系统脚本文件，估计是为Linux和Unix系统作准备的。

后面还有一个 deamon.sh shell脚本文件，这个deamon.sh 只在Hadoop中见过。的确不知道在tomcat中有什么作用。但是之后会回头来研究吧

我还看到了

setclasspath文件

想想就懂了

然后启动：startup.bat

tomcat启动后肯定就是执行这个批处理文件。我们试试：

启动后，我发现有个警告，是因为我这个Homework6的这个java项目有错吧。然后导致警告。

最后还是启动成功了：