连读
1. 辅音与元音的连读
son-of-a bitch 婊子养的
not-at-all 根本不
call-it-a day 到此为止,就这样吧
2. 元音和元音的连读
How-are you
/u/+/a/ >>>>>> wa
Go-away
/u/+/ə/
3. 辅单与辅音的连读
Fuck-you
/fʌk/ /ju/
Love-you
/lʌv/ /ju/
/j/ 半元音
/ju/ 叶 + 屋 = 优
/d/ + /j/ 不是 跌 是 掘
would-you 吾就 could-you 苦就 and-you 安就
/t/ + /j/ 不是 贴 是 切
about-you last-year
/s/ + /j/ 不是 塞 是 斯
six-years old
失爆
以6个爆破音
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/
结尾的单词 在读时会失去爆破音
它们在发音时喷出气流,失爆会省点力气,失爆是因为 “懒”
sit down
blackboard
Bed and Breakfast (bnb) and 失爆后发音接近 n
nothing to tell
just some guy
going out with
连读 or 失爆
看词结尾爆破音 能不能和后面词的开头怼上
能怼上 就连读: look-after
怼不上 就失爆: out-there
弱读
How do you do?
How are you doing?
- Cows / eat / grass.
- The cows / eat / the grass.
- The cows / are eating / the grass.
- The cows / have been eating / the grass.
英文
stress-timed language
重音计时的语言
中文
syllable-timed language
音节计时的语言
弱读虚词
冠词: the
助动词: are / have been
重读实词
名词: cows / grass
动词: eat
否定式: won’t / can’t / isn’t
I’m just so angry!
- I need to go to Walmart today. Do you want to come?
- No, I don’t think so. I’ve got a lot of work to do.
- Do you want me to get you anything there?
- Well, if you don’t mind, I could use some socks.
强调
- to 弱读成 ‘特’
need to go to Walmart
got a lot of work to do - 否定词要重读
I don’t think so
if you don’t mind
总结
- 英语的节奏感体现在 重读 和 弱读
Cows eat grass - 一句话中 需要 弱读 虚词, 重读实词
虚词: 冠词, 介词, 代词, 连词, 助动词, 情态动词
实词: 动词, 名词, 形容词, 副词, 否定式
wanna & gonna
Don’t Wanna Know
wanna = want to
gonna = going to
弱读 != 读的声音轻/模糊
强读式 & 弱读式
弱读原则一: 元音不饱满
元音都要弱化成 /ə/
如 to /tu/ >>> /tə/
- a /ei/ 弱读成 /ə/
I have a pen. - an /æn/ 弱读成 /ən/
I have an apple.
| / | 强读式 | 弱读式 |
|---|---|---|
| as | /æz/ | /əz/ |
| to | /tu:/ | /tə/ |
| for | /fɔ:r/ | /fər/ |
| from | /frʌm/ | /frəm/ |
| / | 强读式 | 弱读式 |
|---|---|---|
| but | /bʌt/ | /bət/ |
| and | /ænd/ | /ənd/ /ən/ |
| that | /ðæt/ | /ðət/ |
| / | 强读式 | 弱读式 |
|---|---|---|
| are | /a:r/ | /ər/ |
| was | /wʌz/ | /wəz/ |
| / | 强读式 | 弱读式 |
|---|---|---|
| do | /du:/ | /də/ |
| can | /kæn/ | /kən/ |
- Please come home as soon as possible
- He will come to China
- That’s all for today.
- Where are you from? I’m from New York.
- Anything but that.
- Ladies and gentlemen…
- I know that he had it.
- How are you doing?
- I was doing sports at that time.
- What do you want?
- I can do it!
弱读原则二: /h/音的消失
一些虚词省略辅音/h/
| / | 强读式 | 弱读式 |
|---|---|---|
| he | /hi:/ | /i/ |
| him | /him/ | /im/ |
| his | /hiz/ | /iz/ |
| her | /hɜ:r/ | /ər/ |
He, His, Her在句首不弱读
I know he/i/ doesn’t like him/im/.
That should be his/iz/ mother.
His/hiz/ mother would not have recognized him/im/.
Send her/ər/ away.
| / | 强读式 | 弱读式 |
|---|---|---|
| have | /hæv/ | /əv/ |
| has | /hæz/ | /əz/ |
| had | /hæd/ | /əd/ |
Our guests have/əv/ arrived.
She has/əz/ come.
Fifty minutes had/əd/ gone by.
总结
- 元音不饱满, 元音要弱化成 /ə/
to -> /tə/ but -> /bət/ can -> /kən/ - /h/音的消失
he, him, his, her
美式发音 vs. 英式发音
区别一: 字母 R 的发音
| / | 美式 | 英式 |
|---|---|---|
| bird | /bɜ:rd/ | /bɜ:d/ |
| car | /ka:r/ | /ka:/ |
| park | /pa:rk/ | /pa:k/ |
peter
work
center
区别二: 字母 A 的发音
| / | 美式 | 英式 |
|---|---|---|
| class | /kæls/ | /kla:s/ |
| fast | /fæst/ | /fa:st/ |
| dance | /dæns/ | /da:ns/ |
can’t
例外:
cat father 美英相同
区别三: 字母 O 的发音
hot
美/ha:t/ 英/hɔt/
pot
Potter
honest
coffee
区别四: 字母 ARY 的发音
military
美/eri/ 英/əri/
ordinary
necessary
primary
总结
英美发音的四大区别
[R] [A] [O] [ARY]
印度口音
窍门: T读成D
tech -> dek
talking to you -> dalking do you
take -> dake
thank -> dank
澳洲口音
窍门一: /ei/ -> /ai/
take favorite today
窍门二: /e/ -> /i/
Eminem
Linking
连续/吞音/变音/加音
- this afternoon
- Have a good night
- Good luck on the test
- did you -> di jou
- don’t you -> don chou
vowel + vowel
y/e +(y)
- He (y)asker for permission.
- The meeting is the day (y)after tomorrow.
- Let’s try (y)again later.
- My car is very (y)old.
o + (w)
- My car is so (w)old.
11.Kids grow (w)up so quickly. - Do you know (w)anyone that can help?
- I wanted to (w)ask if you have time.
deleting ‘t’
consonant + 't ’ + consonant
- Her firs
tday of school is tomorrow - I lef
tmy key in the car - We are bes
tfriends.
deleting ‘t’
n’t ’ + vowel
- The patien
tasked for another pillow. - The acciden
toccurred in the morning - The presiden
tannounced the tax cuts.
deleting ‘t’
n’d ’ + consonant
- Could you han
dme that pen? - Please stand back from the yellow line.
- We are planning a big weeken
dproject.
Linking same consonant
t + t -> (hold)t
I had a flat tire.
k/c + k/c -> (hold)k/c
The black car is mine.
Linking same affricates
这里的摩擦读音不能够省略,都要读出来
I’ll have some orange juice.
Which chair would you like to sit in?
vowel + t + vowel
t -> d
- I 'll pick it up after work.
- Take it easy.
- She wrote a book about it.
- It’s not easy to get up that early.
vowel/m,n,r,l + t = consonant
Pronounce t as a glottal stop
- I’ll have some chocolate chip cookies.
- I don’t see the problem.
- Do you want some tea?
- He’s quite different from his brother.
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