ThreadPoolExecutor源码解析

原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/java-zhao/p/5147811.html

1、源代码主要掌握两个部分

• 线程池的创建：构造器
• 提交任务到线程池去执行：execute()

 

2、构造器

2.1、一些属性：

    /**
     * runState provides the main lifecyle control, taking on values:
     *
     * RUNNING -> SHUTDOWN
     *    On invocation of shutdown(), perhaps implicitly in finalize()
     * (RUNNING or SHUTDOWN) -> STOP
     *    On invocation of shutdownNow()
     * SHUTDOWN -> TERMINATED
     *    When both queue and pool are empty
     * STOP -> TERMINATED
     *    When pool is empty
     */
    volatile int runState;
    static final int RUNNING    = 0;//接收新的任务，会处理队列中的任务
    static final int SHUTDOWN   = 1;//不接收新的任务，但是会处理队列中的任务
    static final int STOP       = 2;//不接收新的任务，也不会处理队列中的任务，而且还会中断正在执行的任务
    static final int TERMINATED = 3;//STOP+中止所有线程

    private final BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue;//队列

    /**
     * 对poolSize, corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, runState, and workers set上锁
     */
    private final ReentrantLock mainLock = new ReentrantLock();

    /**
     * 支持awaitTermination的等待条件
     */
    private final Condition termination = mainLock.newCondition();

    /**
     * pool中的所有工作线程集合；仅仅在持有mainLock的时候才允许被访问
     */
    private final HashSet<Worker> workers = new HashSet<Worker>();

    private volatile long  keepAliveTime;

    /**
     * false（默认）：当核心线程处于闲置状态时，也会存活
     * true：核心线程使用keepAliveTime来决定自己的存活状态
     */
    private volatile boolean allowCoreThreadTimeOut;

    /**
     * Core pool size,仅仅在持有mainLock的时候才允许被更新, 
     * 因为是volatile允许并发读（即使是在更新的过程中）
     */
    private volatile int   corePoolSize;

    /**
     * Maximum pool size, 其他同上
     */
    private volatile int   maximumPoolSize;

    /**
     * Current pool size, 其他同上
     */
    private volatile int   poolSize;

    /**
     * 回绝处理器
     */
    private volatile RejectedExecutionHandler handler;

    /**
     * 所有的线程都通过这个线程工厂的addThread方法来创建。
     */
    private volatile ThreadFactory threadFactory;

    /**
     * Tracks largest attained pool size.
     */
    private int largestPoolSize;

    /**
     * 已经完成的任务数.仅仅在工作线程被终结的时候这个数字才会被更新 
     */
    private long completedTaskCount;

    /**
     * 默认的回绝处理器（回绝任务并抛出异常）
     */
    private static final RejectedExecutionHandler defaultHandler =
        new AbortPolicy();

说明：因为属性不多，这里列出了全部属性。

 

2.2、构造器：

    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
        this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
             Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
    }

    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
        this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
             threadFactory, defaultHandler);
    }

    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
        this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
             Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), handler);
    }

    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory,
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
        /*
         * 检查参数
         */
        if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
            keepAliveTime < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        /*
         * 初始化值
         */
        this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
        this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
        this.workQueue = workQueue;
        this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);//转成纳秒
        this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
        this.handler = handler;
    }

说明：4个构造器（1个5参+2个6参+1个7参）

注意：默认情况下，构造器只会初始化参数，不会提前构建好线程

建议：构造器参数众多，建议使用构建器模式，关于构建器模式的实际使用范例，请参照《第二章 Google guava cache源码解析1--构建缓存器》

构造器中默认线程工厂的创建：Executors中的方法

    public static ThreadFactory defaultThreadFactory() {
        return new DefaultThreadFactory();
    }

    /**
     * 默认的线程工厂
     */
    static class DefaultThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
        static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);//池数量
        final ThreadGroup group;//线程组
        final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);//线程数量
        final String namePrefix;

        /*
         * 创建默认的线程工厂
         */
        DefaultThreadFactory() {
            SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
            group = (s != null)? s.getThreadGroup() :
                                 Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
            namePrefix = "pool-" +
                          poolNumber.getAndIncrement() +
                         "-thread-";
        }

        /*
         * 创建一个新的线程
         */
        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            Thread t = new Thread(group, r,
                                  namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(),//新线程的名字
                                  0);
            /*
             * 将后台线程设置为应用线程
             */
            if (t.isDaemon())
                t.setDaemon(false);
            /*
             * 将线程的优先级全部设置为NORM_PRIORITY
             */
            if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY)
                t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
            return t;
        }
    }

说明，其中的newThread()方法会在第三部分用到。

 

3、提交任务的线程池去执行execute(Runnable command)

    public void execute(Runnable command) {
        if (command == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        /**
         * 这一块儿就是整个工作机理的部分（代码比较精致）
         * 1、addIfUnderCorePoolSize
         * 1）如果当前线程数poolSize<核心线程数corePoolSize并且pool的状态为RUNNING，
         * 1.1）先获取锁
         * 1.2）根据传入的任务firstTask创建一个Work对象，在该对象中编写了run()方法，在该run()方法中会真正的去执行firstTask的run()
         * 说明：关于Work对象run部分的内容，查看Work内部类的run()方法上边的注释以及与其相关方法的注释
         * 1.3）通过线程工厂与上边创建出来的work对象w创建新的线程t，将w加入工作线程集合，
         * 然后启动线程t,之后就会自动执行w中的run(),w中的run()又会调用firstTask的run()，即处理真正的业务逻辑
         * 
         * 2、如果poolSize>=corePoolSize或者上边的执行失败了
         * 1）如果pool的状态处于RUNNING，将该任务入队（offer(command)）
         * 如果入队后，pool的状态不是RUNNING了或者池中的线程数为0了，下边的逻辑具体去查看注释
         * 2）addIfUnderMaximumPoolSize（同addIfUnderCorePoolSize）
         * 如果增加线程也不成功，则回绝任务。
         * 
         */
        if (poolSize >= corePoolSize || !addIfUnderCorePoolSize(command)) {
            if (runState == RUNNING && workQueue.offer(command)) {
                if (runState != RUNNING || poolSize == 0)
                    ensureQueuedTaskHandled(command);
            }
            else if (!addIfUnderMaximumPoolSize(command))
                reject(command); // is shutdown or saturated
        }
    }

 

3.1、addIfUnderCorePoolSize(Runnable firstTask)

    /**
     * 创建并且启动一个新的线程来处理任务
     * 1、其第一个任务就是传入的firstTask参数
     * 2、该方法仅仅用于当前线程数小于核心线程数并且pool没有被关掉的时候
     */
    private boolean addIfUnderCorePoolSize(Runnable firstTask) {
        Thread t = null;
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();//获取锁
        try {
            if (poolSize < corePoolSize && runState == RUNNING)
                t = addThread(firstTask);//创建新线程
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();//释放锁
        }
        return t != null;
    }

addThread(Runnable firstTask)

    private Thread addThread(Runnable firstTask) {
        Worker w = new Worker(firstTask);//构造一个work
        Thread t = threadFactory.newThread(w);//创建线程
        boolean workerStarted = false;
        if (t != null) {//
            if (t.isAlive()) //如果t线程已经启动了，而且还没有死亡
                throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
            w.thread = t;
            workers.add(w);//将w工作线程加入workers线程池
            int nt = ++poolSize;//当前的池数量+1
            if (nt > largestPoolSize)
                largestPoolSize = nt;
            try {
                t.start();//启动线程
                workerStarted = true;
            }
            finally {
                if (!workerStarted)//启动线程没有成功
                    workers.remove(w);//将w从workers集合中删除
            }
        }
        return t;
    }

newThread(Runnable r)

该方法在构建上边的默认线程工厂部分已经说过了。

 

Work内部类：

/**
     * 工作线程。
     */
    private final class Worker implements Runnable {
        /**
         * 在每一个任务的执行前后都会获取和释放runLock。
         * 该锁只要是为了防止中断正在执行任务的work线程
         */
        private final ReentrantLock runLock = new ReentrantLock();

        /**
         * Initial task to run before entering run loop. 
         * 1、Possibly null.
         */
        private Runnable firstTask;

        /**
         * 每个work线程完成的任务总量
         * accumulated into completedTaskCount upon termination.
         */
        volatile long completedTasks;

        Thread thread;

        /**
         * 该work中的线程是不是确实正在执行了run()
         */
        volatile boolean hasRun = false;

        Worker(Runnable firstTask) {
            this.firstTask = firstTask;
        }

        /*
         * true：已经有线程持有了该锁
         */
        boolean isActive() {
            return runLock.isLocked();
        }

        private void runTask(Runnable task) {
            final ReentrantLock runLock = this.runLock;
            runLock.lock();//获取锁runLock
            try {
                /*
                 * 如果pool状态为STOP或TERMINATED，确保线程被打断；
                 * 如果不是，确保线程不要被打断
                 */
                if ((runState >= STOP ||
                    (Thread.interrupted() && runState >= STOP)) &&
                    hasRun)
                    thread.interrupt();
                /*
                 * 确保afterExecute会被执行仅仅当任务完成了（try）或抛出了异常（catch）
                 */
                boolean ran = false;
                beforeExecute(thread, task);//执行任务的run()方法之前要执行的操作
                try {
                    task.run();//执行线程的run()方法
                    ran = true;
                    afterExecute(task, null);//执行任务的run()方法之后要执行的操作
                    ++completedTasks;
                } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
                    if (!ran)
                        afterExecute(task, ex);
                    throw ex;
                }
            } finally {
                runLock.unlock();//释放锁runLock
            }
        }

        /**
         * Main run loop
         * 运行当前任务task，运行结束后，尝试获取队列中的其他任务，
         * 如果最后通过各种方式都获取不到，就回收该线程，如果获取到了，就用该线程继续执行接下来的任务
         * 最后，当获取不到任何任务去执行时，就将该线程从works线程集合中删除掉
         */
        public void run() {
            try {
                hasRun = true;
                Runnable task = firstTask;
                firstTask = null;
                while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
                    runTask(task);//运行该任务
                    task = null;
                }
            } finally {
                workerDone(this);//将该线程从works集合中删除
            }
        }
    }

说明：这里列出了该内部类的全部属性和常用方法。

 

getTask()

    /**
     * 获取下一个worker线程将要运行的任务
     * Gets the next task for a worker thread to run.  
     */
    Runnable getTask() {
        for (;;) {//无限循环
            try {
                int state = runState;
                if (state > SHUTDOWN)
                    return null;
                Runnable r;
                if (state == SHUTDOWN)  // Help drain queue
                    r = workQueue.poll();//处理queue中的任务
                //下面的runState==RUNNING
                else if (poolSize > corePoolSize || allowCoreThreadTimeOut)
                    //从队头获取任务，如果没有任务，等待keepAliveTime的时间
                    r = workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
                else
                    //从队头获取任务，如果没有任务，阻塞等待
                    r = workQueue.take();
                if (r != null)
                    return r;
                if (workerCanExit()) {//允许回收获取任务失败的线程
                    if (runState >= SHUTDOWN) // Wake up others
                        interruptIdleWorkers();//中断闲置的work线程
                    return null;
                }
                // Else retry
            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                // On interruption, re-check runState
            }
        }
    }

workerCanExit()

    /**
     * 检测一个获取任务失败的work线程是否可以退出了。
     * 出现下面三种情况，work线程就会死亡。
     * 1、如果pool的状态为STOP或TERMINATED
     * 2、队列为空
     * 3、允许回收核心线程并且池中的线程数大于1和corePoolSize的最大值
     */
    private boolean workerCanExit() {
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        boolean canExit;
        try {
            canExit = runState >= STOP ||
                workQueue.isEmpty() ||
                (allowCoreThreadTimeOut &&
                 poolSize > Math.max(1, corePoolSize));
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
        return canExit;
    }

workerDone(Worker w)

    void workerDone(Worker w) {
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            completedTaskCount += w.completedTasks;
            workers.remove(w);//从workers集合中删除该线程
            if (--poolSize == 0)//如果池中的线程数为0
                tryTerminate();
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
    }

 

3.2、ensureQueuedTaskHandled(Runnable command)

    /**
     * 在一个task入队之后重新检查state。
     * 当一个task入队后，pool的state发生了变化，该方法就会被调用。
     * 如果一个task入队的同时，shutdownNow方法发生了调用，该方法就必须从队列中移除并回绝
     * 否则该方法会保证至少有一个线程来处理入队的task
     */
    private void ensureQueuedTaskHandled(Runnable command) {
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        boolean reject = false;
        Thread t = null;
        try {
            int state = runState;
            if (state != RUNNING && workQueue.remove(command))
                reject = true;
            else if (state < STOP &&
                     poolSize < Math.max(corePoolSize, 1) &&
                     !workQueue.isEmpty())
                t = addThread(null);
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
        if (reject)
            reject(command);
    }

 

3.3、addIfUnderMaximumPoolSize(Runnable firstTask)

    private boolean addIfUnderMaximumPoolSize(Runnable firstTask) {
        Thread t = null;
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            if (poolSize < maximumPoolSize && runState == RUNNING)
                t = addThread(firstTask);
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
        return t != null;
    }

说明：该方法的其他方法与addIfUnderCorePoolSize(Runnable firstTask)一样。

 

3.4、reject(Runnable command)

    void reject(Runnable command) {
        handler.rejectedExecution(command, this);
    }

    public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        
        public AbortPolicy() { }
        /** 直接抛异常 */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            throw new RejectedExecutionException();
        }
    }