ansible架构
- ANSIBLE PLAYBOOKS :任务剧本,编排定义ansible任务急的配置文件,有Ansible顺序执行,通常为json格式的YAML文件
- INBENTORY:Ansible管理主机的清单,默认位置/etc/anaible/hosts
- MODULES:Ansible的执行命令的功能模块,多数为内置核心模块,也可以自定义
- PLUGINS:模块功能补充,比如链接类型插件、循环插件、变量插件、过滤插件等,不常用
- API:供第三方程序调用的应用程序编程接口
- ANSIBLE:组合INVENTORY API MODUES PLUGINS的绿框,可以理解为Ansible的命令工具,其为核心执行工具
一、ansible安装和配置
1.1、在RHEL7、CentOS、Fedora安装
sudo yum install ansible
1.2、在ubuntu上安装ansible
sudo apt update
sudo apt install ansible
1.3、使用Python的包管理工具pip
sudo yum install epel-release -y
sudo yum install python-pip -y
sudo pip install ansible
1.4、查看版本验证安装是否成功
$ ansible --version
ansible 2.9.9
config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
configured module search path = [u'/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', u'/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible
executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
python version = 2.7.5 (default, Apr 2 2020, 13:16:51) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)]
1.5、ansible的主要配置文件功能
/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg #主配置文件,配置ansible工作特性
/etc/ansible/hosts #主机清单
/etc/ansible/roles/ #存放角色的目录
1.6、ansible配置,默认是不需要修改
$ cat /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
[defaults]
# some basic default values...
#inventory = /etc/ansible/hosts #主机清单
#module_utils = /usr/share/my_module_utils/
#plugin_filters_cfg = /etc/ansible/plugin_filters.yml
#forks = 5 #并发线程数
#sudo_user = root
#ask_sudo_pass = True
#ask_pass = True
#transport = smart
#remote_port = 22
1.7、配置hosts清单
hosts清单优先级:./inventory/hosts -------> /etc/ansible/hosts
若前面定义的文件没有,才到后面的文件去查找
二、Ansible Ad-Hoc命令
ansible 通用格式
例1、测试主机是否可以连通
ansible all -m ping
例2、查看服务器运行时间
ansible all -m command -a uptime #command是ansible的默认模块,可以省略不写,等同下面写法
ansible all -a uptime
三、playbook
playbook概念:以yaml语言格式的脚本组合,是一种简单的配置管理系统与多机器部署系统的基础,以多个play组成。
3.1、ansible-playbook示例
---
- hosts: webservers
vars:
http_port: 80
max_clients: 200
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: ensure apache is at the latest version
yum: pkg=httpd state=latest
- name: write the apache config file
template: src=/srv/httpd.j2 dest=/etc/httpd.conf
notify:
- restart apache
- name: ensure apache is running
service: name=httpd state=started
handlers:
- name: restart apache
service: name=httpd state=restarted
3.2、ansible常用模块
2、ansible循环
1、标准循环
- name: add several users
user: name={{ item }} state=present groups=wheel
with_items:
- testuser1
- testuser2
1.1 哈希列表循环
- name: add several users
user: name={{ item.name }} state=present groups={{ item.groups }}
with_items:
- { name: 'testuser1', groups: 'wheel' }
- { name: 'testuser2', groups: 'root' }
2、嵌套循环
- name: give users access to multiple databases
mysql_user: name={{ item[0] }} priv={{ item[1] }}.*:ALL append_privs=yes password=foo
with_nested:
- [ 'alice', 'bob' ]
- [ 'clientdb', 'employeedb', 'providerdb' ]