[geeks]Floor and Ceil from a BST

There are numerous applications we need to find floor (ceil) value of a key in a binary search tree or sorted array. For example, consider designing memory management system in which free nodes are arranged in BST. Find best fit for the input request.

Ceil Value Node: Node with smallest data larger than or equal to key value.

Imagine we are moving down the tree, and assume we are root node. The comparison yields three possibilities,

A) Root data is equal to key. We are done, root data is ceil value.

B) Root data < key value, certainly the ceil value can’t be in left subtree. Proceed to search on right subtree as reduced problem instance.

C) Root data > key value, the ceil value may be in left subtree. We may find a node with is larger data than key value in left subtree, if not the root itself will be ceil node.

// Program to find ceil of a given value in BST
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
 
/* A binary tree node has key, left child and right child */
struct node
{
    int key;
    struct node* left;
    struct node* right;
};
 
/* Helper function that allocates a new node with the given key and
   NULL left and right  pointers.*/
struct node* newNode(int key)
{
    struct node* node = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
    node->key = key;
    node->left = NULL;
    node->right = NULL;
    return(node);
}
 
// Function to find ceil of a given input in BST. If input is more
// than the max key in BST, return -1
int Ceil(node *root, int input)
{
    // Base case
    if( root == NULL )
        return -1;
 
    // We found equal key
    if( root->key == input )
        return root->key;
 
    // If root's key is smaller, ceil must be in right subtree
    if( root->key < input )
        return Ceil(root->right, input);
 
    // Else, either left subtree or root has the ceil value
    int ceil = Ceil(root->left, input);
    return (ceil >= input) ? ceil : root->key;
}
 
// Driver program to test above function
int main()
{
    node *root = newNode(8);
 
    root->left = newNode(4);
    root->right = newNode(12);
 
    root->left->left = newNode(2);
    root->left->right = newNode(6);
 
    root->right->left = newNode(10);
    root->right->right = newNode(14);
 
    for(int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
        printf("%d  %d\n", i, Ceil(root, i));
 
    return 0;
}