react表单

表单

HTML中的表单<form>标签默认有表单提交功能，在React中也适用，但是大多数情况下React通过JS方法获取表单数据再提交。React通过controlled components这项技术实现。

Controlled Components(控件)

原理：利用组件中state和setState的特殊性,React渲染组件后还会监听它的变化

示例： 通过监听input的变化，不断重设state.value，表单提交时state.value即是用户输入内容

class NameForm extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {value: ''};

    this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
    this.handleSubmit = this.handleSubmit.bind(this);
  }

  handleChange(event) {
    this.setState({value: event.target.value});
  }

  handleSubmit(event) {
    alert('A name was submitted: ' + this.state.value);
    event.preventDefault();
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
        <label>
          Name:
          <input type="text" value={this.state.value} onChange={this.handleChange} />
        </label>
        <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
      </form>
    );
  }
}

textarea标签

React中规定用value操作<textarea>标签的内容，类似HTML的input，用state记录值的变化

 render() {
    return (
      <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
          //value={this.state.value}
          <textarea value={this.state.value} onChange={this.handleChange} />
        <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
      </form>
    );
  }

select标签

React中规定用value操作<select>标签选中的内容，用state记录值的变化

class FlavorForm extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {value: 'coconut'};

    this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
    this.handleSubmit = this.handleSubmit.bind(this);
  }

  handleChange(event) {
    this.setState({value: event.target.value});
  }

  handleSubmit(event) {
    alert('Your favorite flavor is: ' + this.state.value);
    event.preventDefault();
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
          //this.state.value为选中的项
          <select value={this.state.value} onChange={this.handleChange}>
            <option value="grapefruit">Grapefruit</option>
            <option value="lime">Lime</option>
            <option value="coconut">Coconut</option>
            <option value="mango">Mango</option>
          </select>
        <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
      </form>
    );
  }
}

操作多个input

当操作多个input时，可以给每个input添加name，让事件参考event.target.name值的变化决定下一步的动作

class Reservation extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {
      isGoing: true,
      numberOfGuests: 2
    };

    this.handleInputChange = this.handleInputChange.bind(this);
  }

  handleInputChange(event) {
    const target = event.target;
    // value和name是当前操作元素的值
    const value = target.type === 'checkbox' ? target.checked : target.value;
    const name = target.name;
    // ES6语法
    this.setState({
      [name]: value
    });
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <form>
        <label>
          Is going:
          <input
            name="isGoing"
            type="checkbox"
            checked={this.state.isGoing}
            onChange={this.handleInputChange} />
        </label>
        <br />
        <label>
          Number of guests:
          <input
            name="numberOfGuests"
            type="number"
            value={this.state.numberOfGuests}
            onChange={this.handleInputChange} />
        </label>
      </form>
    );
  }
}