Springboot 使用 Async (内置线程池)执行异步任务(对比WebAsyncTask的使用)

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-15 09:45:57 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-15 09:45:57 发布

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使用 Async 执行异步任务

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync
public class Application {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
	}
}

声明异步任务

@Component
@Slf4j
public class AsyncTask {
    /**
     * 通知计数
     * */
    @Async("taskExecutor")
    public void notifyCount() {
        log.info("执行异步任务-通知计数开始");

        try {
            Thread.sleep(7000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        log.info("执行异步任务-通知计数结束");
    }

    /**
     * 通知邮件-带返回值
     * */
    @Async
    public Future<String> notifyEmail() {
        log.info("执行异步任务-通知邮件开始");

        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        log.info("执行异步任务-通知邮件结束");
        return new AsyncResult<>("send email success");
    }
}

@Async(“参数”)：参数用来定义哪个线程池执行

执行异步任务

@RestController
@RequestMapping("")
@Slf4j
public class AnalysController {
	@Autowired
	private AsyncTask asyncTask;

	@RequestMapping(value = "index", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public XloResponse index() throws Exception {
		// 通知计数
        asyncTask.notifyCount();
        // 通知邮件
        Future<String> stringFuture = asyncTask.notifyEmail();
        
        // TODO 业务逻辑处理
        
        // 阻塞获取通知邮件的结果
        log.info(stringFuture.get());
	}
}

自定义执行异步任务的线程池信息

声明式

spring.task.execution.pool.core-size=10
spring.task.execution.pool.max-size=50
spring.task.execution.pool.keep-alive=60s
spring.task.execution.pool.queue-capacity=2
spring.task.execution.thread-name-prefix=MyTask-

编程式

@Slf4j
// 开启异步任务支持
@EnableAsync
@Configuration
public class AsyncConfig implements AsyncConfigurer {

    /**
     * 处理异步方法调用时要使用的实例 <br /><br />
     *
     *
     * 拒绝策略常用有有这四种
     * <ul>
     *     <li>
     *         <b>ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy: </b>丢弃任务并抛出RejectedExecutionException异常(默认)
     *     </li>
     *     <li>
     *         <b>ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolic: </b>丢弃任务，但是不抛出异常
     *     </li>
     *     <li>
     *         <b>ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy: </b>丢弃队列最前面的任务，然后重新尝试执行任务
     *     </li>
     *     <li>
     *         <b>ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolic: </b>由调用线程处理该任务
     *     </li>
     * </ul>
     * */
    @Override
    @Bean(name = "taskExecutor")
    public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        // 核心线程数
        executor.setCorePoolSize(10);
        // 最大线程数
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(60);
        // 线程最大空闲时间
        executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);
        // 队列大小
        executor.setQueueCapacity(10);
        // 指定用于新创建的线程名称的前缀
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("MyExecutor-");
        
        // 使用预定义拒绝策略
//        executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
		// 使用自定义拒绝策略
		executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler((runnable, executor1) -> {
            System.out.println("具体拒绝策略");
        });
        
		// 等待任务完成时再关闭线程池--表明等待所有线程执行完
//        executor.setWaitForTasksToCompleteOnShutdown(true);
        // 等待时间(默认为0，此时立即停止), 并在等待xx秒后强制停止
//        executor.setAwaitTerminationSeconds(60 * 5);

		// 初始化
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }

    /**
     * 对void方法抛出的异常处理方法
     * */
    @Override
    public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
    	// 使用自定义异常处理类 lambda方式
//        return (throwable, method, objects) -> log.info("抛异常啦~~~throwable={}，method={},params={}", throwable, method, objects);
		// 使用自定义异常处理类
//        return new MyAsyncExceptionHandler();
		// 使用系统自带异常处理类
        return new SimpleAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler();
    }
}

编程式 + 声明式

spring.async.executor.pool.core-size=10
spring.async.executor.pool.max-size=60
spring.async.executor.pool.keep-alive-seconds=60
spring.async.executor.pool.queue-capacity=10
spring.async.executor.pool.thread-name-prefix=XloTask-

@Slf4j
// 开启异步任务支持
@EnableAsync
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.async.executor.pool")
@Data
public class AsyncConfig implements AsyncConfigurer {

    private Integer coreSize;
    private Integer maxSize;
    private Integer keepAliveSeconds;
    private Integer queueCapacity;
    private String threadNamePrefix;

    /**
     * 处理异步方法调用时要使用的实例
     * */
    @Override
    @Bean(name = "taskExecutor")
    public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        // 核心线程数
        executor.setCorePoolSize(coreSize);
        // 最大线程数
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(maxSize);
        // 线程最大空闲时间
        executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(keepAliveSeconds);
        // 队列大小
        executor.setQueueCapacity(queueCapacity);
        // 指定用于新创建的线程名称的前缀
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix(threadNamePrefix);
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }

    /**
     * Async无返回方法的异常处理方法
     * */
    @Override
    public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
        return (throwable, method, objects) -> log.info("抛异常啦~~~throwable={}，method={},params={}", throwable, method, objects);
    }

}

自定义异常处理类

/**
 * <p>
 *     自定义异常处理类
 * </p>
 *
 * @author Answer.AI.L
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019-10-09
 */
@Slf4j
public class MyAsyncExceptionHandler implements AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler {
    @Override
    public void handleUncaughtException(Throwable throwable, Method method, Object... params) {
        log.info("Exception message - " + throwable.getMessage());
        log.info("Method name - " + method.getName());
        for (Object param: params) {
            log.info("Parameter value - " + param);
        }
    }
}

使用WebAsyncTask执行异步任务

	@Bean("taskExecutor")
    public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(3);
        taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(10);
        taskExecutor.setKeepAliveSeconds(2);
        taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(5);
        taskExecutor.setThreadNamePrefix("asyncTask");
        return taskExecutor;
    }

	@GetMapping("/asyncTask")
    public WebAsyncTask<String> asyncTask() throws Exception {
        Callable<String> callable = () -> {
            log.info("异步工作线程：{}", Thread.currentThread().getName());

            // 模拟业务耗时， 任务处理时间5s, 不超时
            Thread.sleep(5 * 1000L);

            return UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        };

        // 异步任务, 超时时间为10s
        WebAsyncTask<String> asyncTask = new WebAsyncTask<>(
                10 * 1000L,
                executor,
                callable
        );

        // 任务执行超时时调用该方法
        asyncTask.onTimeout(() -> {
            log.info("任务执行超时");
            return "timeout";
        });
        // 任务执行完成时调用该方法
        asyncTask.onCompletion(() -> {
            log.info("任务执行完成");
        });
        // 任务执行异常时调用该方法
        asyncTask.onError(() -> {
            log.info("任务执行异常");
            return "error";
        });

        return asyncTask;
    }