ContentProvider解析

1.ContentProvider是什么:
四大组件之一用于共享数据。多个进程间共享数据，可以通过共享文件的方法，而共享文件的话，权限自己怎么控制呢？ContentProvider让开发者能够在拥有读写权限的情况下通过一条地址（比如content://com.fool/tab1）来访问共享数据。

2.应用场景 android 中许多系统软件和应用软件都使用该方式实现数据共享，比如电话本，相片，音乐，短彩信,日程表信息等

3.ContentProvider使用代码
AndroidManifest.xml中

<!--android:authorities 唯一标识,通过这个标识外部应用访问BookProvider,因此必须是唯一的,建议加上包前缀-->
<!--android:permission 如果外界想访问BookProvider就必须添加这个权限-->
<provider
    android:name=".provider.BookProvider"
    android:authorities="com.ryg.chapter_2.book.provider" 
    android:permission="com.ryg.PROVIDER"
    android:process=":provider" >
</provider>
​

辅助数据库类 DbOpenHelper.java

public class DbOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

    private static final String DB_NAME = "book_provider.db";
    public static final String BOOK_TABLE_NAME = "book";
    public static final String USER_TALBE_NAME = "user";

    private static final int DB_VERSION = 3;

    private String CREATE_BOOK_TABLE = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
            + BOOK_TABLE_NAME + "(_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + "name TEXT)";

    private String CREATE_USER_TABLE = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
            + USER_TALBE_NAME + "(_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + "name TEXT,"
            + "sex INT)";

    public DbOpenHelper(Context context) {
        super(context, DB_NAME, null, DB_VERSION);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        db.execSQL(CREATE_BOOK_TABLE);
        db.execSQL(CREATE_USER_TABLE);
    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
        // TODO ignored
    }

}

BookProvider .java

public class BookProvider extends ContentProvider {

    private static final String TAG = "BookProvider";

    public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.ryg.chapter_2.book.provider";

    public static final Uri BOOK_CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://"
            + AUTHORITY + "/book");
    public static final Uri USER_CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://"
            + AUTHORITY + "/user");

    public static final int BOOK_URI_CODE = 0;
    public static final int USER_URI_CODE = 1;
    private static final UriMatcher sUriMatcher = new UriMatcher(
            UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);

    static {
        //因为BookProvider对应操作的有两张表,所以通过以下方法让他们关联不同的URI_CODE
        //再通过getTableName来匹配不同的表
        sUriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "book", BOOK_URI_CODE);
        sUriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "user", USER_URI_CODE);
    }

    private Context mContext;
    private SQLiteDatabase mDb;

    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        Log.d(TAG, "onCreate, current thread:"
                + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        mContext = getContext();
        initProviderData();
        return true;
    }

    private void initProviderData() {
        mDb = new DbOpenHelper(mContext).getWritableDatabase();
        mDb.execSQL("delete from " + DbOpenHelper.BOOK_TABLE_NAME);
        mDb.execSQL("delete from " + DbOpenHelper.USER_TALBE_NAME);
        mDb.execSQL("insert into book values(3,'Android');");
        mDb.execSQL("insert into book values(4,'Ios');");
        mDb.execSQL("insert into book values(5,'Html5');");
        mDb.execSQL("insert into user values(1,'jake',1);");
        mDb.execSQL("insert into user values(2,'jasmine',0);");
    }

    //当该表了数据库中的数据后,需要调用mContext.getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);来
    //通知外界当前ContentProvider中数据已经改变要观察一个ContentProvider中的数据已经发生改变,可以通过ContentResolver的registerContentObserver和
//    unregisterContentObserver来实现注册和解除注册
    //Provider的增删改查都是在binder的线程池中进行的

    @Override
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
            String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
        Log.d(TAG, "query, current thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        String table = getTableName(uri);
        if (table == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI: " + uri);
        }
        return mDb.query(table, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder, null);
    }

    @Override
    public String getType(Uri uri) {
        Log.d(TAG, "getType");
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
        Log.d(TAG, "insert");
        String table = getTableName(uri);
        if (table == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI: " + uri);
        }
        mDb.insert(table, null, values);
        mContext.getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
        return uri;
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        Log.d(TAG, "delete");
        String table = getTableName(uri);
        if (table == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI: " + uri);
        }
        int count = mDb.delete(table, selection, selectionArgs);
        if (count > 0) {
            getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
        }
        return count;
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
            String[] selectionArgs) {
        Log.d(TAG, "update");
        String table = getTableName(uri);
        if (table == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI: " + uri);
        }
        int row = mDb.update(table, values, selection, selectionArgs);
        if (row > 0) {
            getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
        }
        return row;
    }

    private String getTableName(Uri uri) {
        String tableName = null;
        switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
        case BOOK_URI_CODE:
            tableName = DbOpenHelper.BOOK_TABLE_NAME;
            break;
        case USER_URI_CODE:
            tableName = DbOpenHelper.USER_TALBE_NAME;
            break;
            default:break;
        }

        return tableName;
    }

}

ProviderActivity .java

public class ProviderActivity extends Activity {
    private static final String TAG = "ProviderActivity";
    Uri bookUri = Uri.parse("content://com.ryg.chapter_2.book.provider/book");
    private ContentObserver mObserver;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_provider);

        mObserver = new ContentObserver(new Handler()) {
            @Override
            public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
                super.onChange(selfChange);
                System.out.println("观察到BookContentProvider发生改变");
            }
        };
        getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(bookUri, true, mObserver);

        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put("_id", 6);
        values.put("name", "程序设计的艺术");
        //通过对应的uri就可以对ContentProvider进行操作了
        getContentResolver().insert(bookUri, values);
        Cursor bookCursor = getContentResolver().query(bookUri, new String[]{"_id", "name"}, null, null, null);
        while (bookCursor.moveToNext()) {
            Book book = new Book();
            book.bookId = bookCursor.getInt(0);
            book.bookName = bookCursor.getString(1);
            Log.d(TAG, "query book:" + book.toString());
        }
        bookCursor.close();

        Uri userUri = Uri.parse("content://com.ryg.chapter_2.book.provider/user");
        Cursor userCursor = getContentResolver().query(userUri, new String[]{"_id", "name", "sex"}, null, null, null);
        while (userCursor.moveToNext()) {
            User user = new User();
            user.userId = userCursor.getInt(0);
            user.userName = userCursor.getString(1);
            user.isMale = userCursor.getInt(2) == 1;
            Log.d(TAG, "query user:" + user.toString());
        }
        userCursor.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        //记得解除观察防止内存泄漏
        if (mObserver != null) {
            getContentResolver().unregisterContentObserver(mObserver);
            mObserver = null;
        }
    }
}

代码中有对应注释.