1.ContentProvider是什么:
四大组件之一用于共享数据。多个进程间共享数据,可以通过共享文件的方法,而共享文件的话,权限自己怎么控制呢?ContentProvider让开发者能够在拥有读写权限的情况下通过一条地址(比如content://com.fool/tab1)来访问共享数据。
2.应用场景 android 中许多系统软件和应用软件都使用该方式实现数据共享,比如电话本,相片,音乐,短彩信,日程表信息等
3.ContentProvider使用代码
AndroidManifest.xml中
<!--android:authorities 唯一标识,通过这个标识外部应用访问BookProvider,因此必须是唯一的,建议加上包前缀-->
<!--android:permission 如果外界想访问BookProvider就必须添加这个权限-->
<provider
android:name=".provider.BookProvider"
android:authorities="com.ryg.chapter_2.book.provider"
android:permission="com.ryg.PROVIDER"
android:process=":provider" >
</provider>
辅助数据库类 DbOpenHelper.java
public class DbOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
private static final String DB_NAME = "book_provider.db";
public static final String BOOK_TABLE_NAME = "book";
public static final String USER_TALBE_NAME = "user";
private static final int DB_VERSION = 3;
private String CREATE_BOOK_TABLE = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
+ BOOK_TABLE_NAME + "(_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + "name TEXT)";
private String CREATE_USER_TABLE = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
+ USER_TALBE_NAME + "(_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + "name TEXT,"
+ "sex INT)";
public DbOpenHelper(Context context) {
super(context, DB_NAME, null, DB_VERSION);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
db.execSQL(CREATE_BOOK_TABLE);
db.execSQL(CREATE_USER_TABLE);
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
// TODO ignored
}
}
BookProvider .java
public class BookProvider extends ContentProvider {
private static final String TAG = "BookProvider";
public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.ryg.chapter_2.book.provider";
public static final Uri BOOK_CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://"
+ AUTHORITY + "/book");
public static final Uri USER_CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://"
+ AUTHORITY + "/user");
public static final int BOOK_URI_CODE = 0;
public static final int USER_URI_CODE = 1;
private static final UriMatcher sUriMatcher = new UriMatcher(
UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
static {
//因为BookProvider对应操作的有两张表,所以通过以下方法让他们关联不同的URI_CODE
//再通过getTableName来匹配不同的表
sUriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "book", BOOK_URI_CODE);
sUriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "user", USER_URI_CODE);
}
private Context mContext;
private SQLiteDatabase mDb;
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate, current thread:"
+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
mContext = getContext();
initProviderData();
return true;
}
private void initProviderData() {
mDb = new DbOpenHelper(mContext).getWritableDatabase();
mDb.execSQL("delete from " + DbOpenHelper.BOOK_TABLE_NAME);
mDb.execSQL("delete from " + DbOpenHelper.USER_TALBE_NAME);
mDb.execSQL("insert into book values(3,'Android');");
mDb.execSQL("insert into book values(4,'Ios');");
mDb.execSQL("insert into book values(5,'Html5');");
mDb.execSQL("insert into user values(1,'jake',1);");
mDb.execSQL("insert into user values(2,'jasmine',0);");
}
//当该表了数据库中的数据后,需要调用mContext.getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);来
//通知外界当前ContentProvider中数据已经改变要观察一个ContentProvider中的数据已经发生改变,可以通过ContentResolver的registerContentObserver和
// unregisterContentObserver来实现注册和解除注册
//Provider的增删改查都是在binder的线程池中进行的
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
Log.d(TAG, "query, current thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
String table = getTableName(uri);
if (table == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI: " + uri);
}
return mDb.query(table, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder, null);
}
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
Log.d(TAG, "getType");
return null;
}
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
Log.d(TAG, "insert");
String table = getTableName(uri);
if (table == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI: " + uri);
}
mDb.insert(table, null, values);
mContext.getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
return uri;
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
Log.d(TAG, "delete");
String table = getTableName(uri);
if (table == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI: " + uri);
}
int count = mDb.delete(table, selection, selectionArgs);
if (count > 0) {
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
}
return count;
}
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs) {
Log.d(TAG, "update");
String table = getTableName(uri);
if (table == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI: " + uri);
}
int row = mDb.update(table, values, selection, selectionArgs);
if (row > 0) {
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
}
return row;
}
private String getTableName(Uri uri) {
String tableName = null;
switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case BOOK_URI_CODE:
tableName = DbOpenHelper.BOOK_TABLE_NAME;
break;
case USER_URI_CODE:
tableName = DbOpenHelper.USER_TALBE_NAME;
break;
default:break;
}
return tableName;
}
}
ProviderActivity .java
public class ProviderActivity extends Activity {
private static final String TAG = "ProviderActivity";
Uri bookUri = Uri.parse("content://com.ryg.chapter_2.book.provider/book");
private ContentObserver mObserver;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_provider);
mObserver = new ContentObserver(new Handler()) {
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
super.onChange(selfChange);
System.out.println("观察到BookContentProvider发生改变");
}
};
getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(bookUri, true, mObserver);
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("_id", 6);
values.put("name", "程序设计的艺术");
//通过对应的uri就可以对ContentProvider进行操作了
getContentResolver().insert(bookUri, values);
Cursor bookCursor = getContentResolver().query(bookUri, new String[]{"_id", "name"}, null, null, null);
while (bookCursor.moveToNext()) {
Book book = new Book();
book.bookId = bookCursor.getInt(0);
book.bookName = bookCursor.getString(1);
Log.d(TAG, "query book:" + book.toString());
}
bookCursor.close();
Uri userUri = Uri.parse("content://com.ryg.chapter_2.book.provider/user");
Cursor userCursor = getContentResolver().query(userUri, new String[]{"_id", "name", "sex"}, null, null, null);
while (userCursor.moveToNext()) {
User user = new User();
user.userId = userCursor.getInt(0);
user.userName = userCursor.getString(1);
user.isMale = userCursor.getInt(2) == 1;
Log.d(TAG, "query user:" + user.toString());
}
userCursor.close();
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//记得解除观察防止内存泄漏
if (mObserver != null) {
getContentResolver().unregisterContentObserver(mObserver);
mObserver = null;
}
}
}
代码中有对应注释.