08 java.lang.ProcessBuilder

ProcessBuilder[final]

                                                            2015.01.19
                                                            By 970655147

这个类主要适用于启动当前操作系统的进程, 有些时候很有用
比如 : 我们想使用一个程序来帮我们使用指定的程序打开指定的文件, 那么我们就可以使用这个

start ->

声明

, 大家可以看看注释

/**
 * This class is used to create operating system processes.
 *
 * <p>Each {@code ProcessBuilder} instance manages a collection
 * of process attributes.  The {@link #start()} method creates a new
 * {@link Process} instance with those attributes.  The {@link
 * #start()} method can be invoked repeatedly from the same instance
 * to create new subprocesses with identical or related attributes.
 *
 * <p>Each process builder manages these process attributes:
 *
 * <ul>
 *
 * <li>a <i>command</i>, a list of strings which signifies the
 * external program file to be invoked and its arguments, if any.
 * Which string lists represent a valid operating system command is
 * system-dependent.  For example, it is common for each conceptual
 * argument to be an element in this list, but there are operating
 * systems where programs are expected to tokenize command line
 * strings themselves - on such a system a Java implementation might
 * require commands to contain exactly two elements.
 *
 * <li>an <i>environment</i>, which is a system-dependent mapping from
 * <i>variables</i> to <i>values</i>.  The initial value is a copy of
 * the environment of the current process (see {@link System#getenv()}).
 *
 * <li>a <i>working directory</i>.  The default value is the current
 * working directory of the current process, usually the directory
 * named by the system property {@code user.dir}.
 *
 * <li><a name="redirect-input">a source of <i>standard input</i>.
 * By default, the subprocess reads input from a pipe.  Java code
 * can access this pipe via the output stream returned by
 * {@link Process#getOutputStream()}.  However, standard input may
 * be redirected to another source using
 * {@link #redirectInput(Redirect) redirectInput}.
 * In this case, {@link Process#getOutputStream()} will return a
 * <i>null output stream</i>, for which:
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li>the {@link OutputStream#write(int) write} methods always
 * throw {@code IOException}
 * <li>the {@link OutputStream#close() close} method does nothing
 * </ul>
 *
 * <li><a name="redirect-output">a destination for <i>standard output</i>
 * and <i>standard error</i>.  By default, the subprocess writes standard
 * output and standard error to pipes.  Java code can access these pipes
 * via the input streams returned by {@link Process#getInputStream()} and
 * {@link Process#getErrorStream()}.  However, standard output and
 * standard error may be redirected to other destinations using
 * {@link #redirectOutput(Redirect) redirectOutput} and
 * {@link #redirectError(Redirect) redirectError}.
 * In this case, {@link Process#getInputStream()} and/or
 * {@link Process#getErrorStream()} will return a <i>null input
 * stream</i>, for which:
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li>the {@link InputStream#read() read} methods always return
 * {@code -1}
 * <li>the {@link InputStream#available() available} method always returns
 * {@code 0}
 * <li>the {@link InputStream#close() close} method does nothing
 * </ul>
 *
 * <li>a <i>redirectErrorStream</i> property.  Initially, this property
 * is {@code false}, meaning that the standard output and error
 * output of a subprocess are sent to two separate streams, which can
 * be accessed using the {@link Process#getInputStream()} and {@link
 * Process#getErrorStream()} methods.
 *
 * <p>If the value is set to {@code true}, then:
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li>standard error is merged with the standard output and always sent
 * to the same destination (this makes it easier to correlate error
 * messages with the corresponding output)
 * <li>the common destination of standard error and standard output can be
 * redirected using
 * {@link #redirectOutput(Redirect) redirectOutput}
 * <li>any redirection set by the
 * {@link #redirectError(Redirect) redirectError}
 * method is ignored when creating a subprocess
 * <li>the stream returned from {@link Process#getErrorStream()} will
 * always be a <a href="#redirect-output">null input stream</a>
 * </ul>
 *
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>Modifying a process builder's attributes will affect processes
 * subsequently started by that object's {@link #start()} method, but
 * will never affect previously started processes or the Java process
 * itself.
 *
 * <p>Most error checking is performed by the {@link #start()} method.
 * It is possible to modify the state of an object so that {@link
 * #start()} will fail.  For example, setting the command attribute to
 * an empty list will not throw an exception unless {@link #start()}
 * is invoked.
 *
 * <p><strong>Note that this class is not synchronized.</strong>
 * If multiple threads access a {@code ProcessBuilder} instance
 * concurrently, and at least one of the threads modifies one of the
 * attributes structurally, it <i>must</i> be synchronized externally.
 *
 * <p>Starting a new process which uses the default working directory
 * and environment is easy:
 *
 * <pre> {@code
 * Process p = new ProcessBuilder("myCommand", "myArg").start();
 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p>Here is an example that starts a process with a modified working
 * directory and environment, and redirects standard output and error
 * to be appended to a log file:
 *
 * <pre> {@code
 * ProcessBuilder pb =
 *   new ProcessBuilder("myCommand", "myArg1", "myArg2");
 * Map<String, String> env = pb.environment();
 * env.put("VAR1", "myValue");
 * env.remove("OTHERVAR");
 * env.put("VAR2", env.get("VAR1") + "suffix");
 * pb.directory(new File("myDir"));
 * File log = new File("log");
 * pb.redirectErrorStream(true);
 * pb.redirectOutput(Redirect.appendTo(log));
 * Process p = pb.start();
 * assert pb.redirectInput() == Redirect.PIPE;
 * assert pb.redirectOutput().file() == log;
 * assert p.getInputStream().read() == -1;
 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p>To start a process with an explicit set of environment
 * variables, first call {@link java.util.Map#clear() Map.clear()}
 * before adding environment variables.
 *
 * @author Martin Buchholz
 * @since 1.5
 */

public final class ProcessBuilder

ProcessBuilder. 属性

    // command 为需要运行的程序以及参数  directory为程序所在目录
    // environment 为环境变量  
// redirectErrorStream=false将子进程的标准输出和错误输出被发送给两个独立的流errorStream 
// redirects为重定向输入/输出/错误流到指定的文件
    private List<String> command;
    private File directory;
    private Map<String,String> environment;
    private boolean redirectErrorStream;
    private Redirect[] redirects;

ProcessBuilder. command()

    // 设置command, 获取command
    public ProcessBuilder command(List<String> command) {
        if (command == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.command = command;
        return this;
    }

    public ProcessBuilder command(String... command) {
        this.command = new ArrayList<>(command.length);
        for (String arg : command)
            this.command.add(arg);
        return this;
    }

    public List<String> command() {
        return command;
    }

ProcessBuilder. environment()

    // 设置environment, 获取environment
    public Map<String,String> environment() {
        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
        // checkPermission
        if (security != null)
            security.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("getenv.*"));
        // 获取系统环境变量如果environment是null
        if (environment == null)
            environment = ProcessEnvironment.environment();
        // assert 确保environment!=null
        assert environment != null;

        return environment;
    }

ProcessBuilder environment(String[] envp)
    // Only for use by Runtime.exec(...envp...)
ProcessBuilder environment(String[] envp) {
        assert environment == null;
        if (envp != null) {
            // 获取一个长为envp.length的Map<String, String>
            environment = ProcessEnvironment.emptyEnvironment(envp.length);
            assert environment != null;

            for (String envstring : envp) {
                // Before 1.5, we blindly passed invalid envstrings
                // to the child process.
                // We would like to throw an exception, but do not,
                // for compatibility with old broken code.

                // Silently discard any trailing junk.
                    // 空格的index
                if (envstring.indexOf((int) '\u0000') != -1)
                    envstring = envstring.replaceFirst("\u0000.*", "");

                int eqlsign =
                    envstring.indexOf('=', ProcessEnvironment.MIN_NAME_LENGTH);
                // Silently ignore envstrings lacking the required `='.
                    // 如果每个envString存在”=” 将kvPair放入environment中
                if (eqlsign != -1)
                    environment.put(envstring.substring(0,eqlsign),
                                    envstring.substring(eqlsign+1));
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

ProcessEnvironment. emptyEnvironment(int capacity)
    // Only for use by ProcessBuilder.environment(String[] envp)
    static Map<String,String> emptyEnvironment(int capacity) {
        return new ProcessEnvironment(capacity);
}

final class ProcessEnvironment extends HashMap<String,String>

ProcessBuilder. directory()

    // 设置environment, 获取environment
    public File directory() {
        return directory;
    }

    public ProcessBuilder directory(File directory) {
        this.directory = directory;
        return this;
    }

NullInputStream & NullOutputStream [InnerClass]

    // 如果没有配置输入/ 输出/ 错误 的载体, 则使用NullInputStream/ NullOutputStream. INSTANCE 作为载体[详见ProcessImpl]
    /**
     * Implements a <a href="#redirect-output">null input stream</a>.
     */
    static class NullInputStream extends InputStream {
        static final NullInputStream INSTANCE = new NullInputStream();
        private NullInputStream() {}
        public int read()      { return -1; }
        public int available() { return 0; }
    }

    static class NullOutputStream extends OutputStream {
        static final NullOutputStream INSTANCE = new NullOutputStream();
        private NullOutputStream() {}
        public void write(int b) throws IOException {
            throw new IOException("Stream closed");
        }
    }

Redirect[InnerClass]

    // 用于标识重定向在"载体"
    public static abstract class Redirect {
        /**
         * The type of a {@link Redirect}.
        // 只有PIPE, INHERIT, READ, WRITE, APPEND 五种type
         */
        public enum Type {
            /**
             * The type of {@link Redirect#PIPE Redirect.PIPE}.
             */
            PIPE,

            /**
             * The type of {@link Redirect#INHERIT Redirect.INHERIT}.
             */
            INHERIT,

            /**
             * The type of redirects returned from
             * {@link Redirect#from Redirect.from(File)}.
             */
            READ,

            /**
             * The type of redirects returned from
             * {@link Redirect#to Redirect.to(File)}.
             */
            WRITE,

            /**
             * The type of redirects returned from
             * {@link Redirect#appendTo Redirect.appendTo(File)}.
             */
            APPEND
        };

        /**
         * Returns the type of this {@code Redirect}.
         * @return the type of this {@code Redirect}
         */
        public abstract Type type();

        /**
         * Indicates that subprocess I/O will be connected to the
         * current Java process over a pipe.
         *
         * This is the default handling of subprocess standard I/O.
         *
         * <p>It will always be true that
         *  <pre> {@code
         * Redirect.PIPE.file() == null &&
         * Redirect.PIPE.type() == Redirect.Type.PIPE
         * }</pre>
         */
        // PIPE INSTANCE
        public static final Redirect PIPE = new Redirect() {
                public Type type() { return Type.PIPE; }
                public String toString() { return type().toString(); }};

        /**
         * Indicates that subprocess I/O source or destination will be the
         * same as those of the current process.  This is the normal
         * behavior of most operating system command interpreters (shells).
         *
         * <p>It will always be true that
         *  <pre> {@code
         * Redirect.INHERIT.file() == null &&
         * Redirect.INHERIT.type() == Redirect.Type.INHERIT
         * }</pre>
         */
        // PIPE INSTANCE
        public static final Redirect INHERIT = new Redirect() {
                public Type type() { return Type.INHERIT; }
                public String toString() { return type().toString(); }};

        /**
         * Returns the {@link File} source or destination associated
         * with this redirect, or {@code null} if there is no such file.
         *
         * @return the file associated with this redirect,
         *         or {@code null} if there is no such file
         */
        public File file() { return null; }

        /**
         * When redirected to a destination file, indicates if the output
         * is to be written to the end of the file.
         */
        boolean append() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        /**
         * Returns a redirect to read from the specified file.
         *
         * <p>It will always be true that
         *  <pre> {@code
         * Redirect.from(file).file() == file &&
         * Redirect.from(file).type() == Redirect.Type.READ
         * }</pre>
         *
         * @throws NullPointerException if the specified file is null
         * @return a redirect to read from the specified file
         */
        // READ INSTANCE
        public static Redirect from(final File file) {
            if (file == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            return new Redirect() {
                    public Type type() { return Type.READ; }
                    public File file() { return file; }
                    public String toString() {
                        return "redirect to read from file \"" + file + "\"";
                    }
                };
        }

        /**
         * Returns a redirect to write to the specified file.
         * If the specified file exists when the subprocess is started,
         * its previous contents will be discarded.
         *
         * <p>It will always be true that
         *  <pre> {@code
         * Redirect.to(file).file() == file &&
         * Redirect.to(file).type() == Redirect.Type.WRITE
         * }</pre>
         *
         * @throws NullPointerException if the specified file is null
         * @return a redirect to write to the specified file
         */
        // WRITE INSTANCE
        public static Redirect to(final File file) {
            if (file == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            return new Redirect() {
                    public Type type() { return Type.WRITE; }
                    public File file() { return file; }
                    public String toString() {
                        return "redirect to write to file \"" + file + "\"";
                    }
                    boolean append() { return false; }
                };
        }

        /**
         * Returns a redirect to append to the specified file.
         * Each write operation first advances the position to the
         * end of the file and then writes the requested data.
         * Whether the advancement of the position and the writing
         * of the data are done in a single atomic operation is
         * system-dependent and therefore unspecified.
         *
         * <p>It will always be true that
         *  <pre> {@code
         * Redirect.appendTo(file).file() == file &&
         * Redirect.appendTo(file).type() == Redirect.Type.APPEND
         * }</pre>
         *
         * @throws NullPointerException if the specified file is null
         * @return a redirect to append to the specified file
         */
        // APPEND INSTANCE
        public static Redirect appendTo(final File file) {
            if (file == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            return new Redirect() {
                    public Type type() { return Type.APPEND; }
                    public File file() { return file; }
                    public String toString() {
                        return "redirect to append to file \"" + file + "\"";
                    }
                    boolean append() { return true; }
                };
        }

        /**
         * Compares the specified object with this {@code Redirect} for
         * equality.  Returns {@code true} if and only if the two
         * objects are identical or both objects are {@code Redirect}
         * instances of the same type associated with non-null equal
         * {@code File} instances.
         */
        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
            // 如果引用相等 直接返回true
            if (obj == this)
                return true;
            // RTTI
            if (! (obj instanceof Redirect))
                return false;
            // 先比较type 在比较file
            Redirect r = (Redirect) obj;
            if (r.type() != this.type())
                return false;
            assert this.file() != null;
            return this.file().equals(r.file());
        }

        /**
         * Returns a hash code value for this {@code Redirect}.
         * @return a hash code value for this {@code Redirect}
         */
        public int hashCode() {
            File file = file();
            if (file == null)
                return super.hashCode();
            else
                return file.hashCode();
        }

        /**
         * No public constructors.  Clients must use predefined
         * static {@code Redirect} instances or factory methods.
         */
        //构造方法私有化
        // 保证了除了本身提供的Redirect对象 和from, to方法构造Redirect外 不能另外构建对象     
        private Redirect() {}
    }

ProcessBuilder. redirect Input/ Output/ Error(Redirect source)

public ProcessBuilder redirectInput(Redirect source) {
    // 如果source的type是write或者append 抛出异常
    // source的type 属于 read, pipe, inherit
        if (source.type() == Redirect.Type.WRITE ||
            source.type() == Redirect.Type.APPEND)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                "Redirect invalid for reading: " + source);
        // 重定向输入
        redirects()[0] = source;
        return this;
    }

    public ProcessBuilder redirectOutput(Redirect destination) {
        if (destination.type() == Redirect.Type.READ)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                "Redirect invalid for writing: " + destination);
        redirects()[1] = destination;
        return this;
    }

    public ProcessBuilder redirectError(Redirect destination) {
        if (destination.type() == Redirect.Type.READ)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                "Redirect invalid for writing: " + destination);
        redirects()[2] = destination;
        return this;
    }

    public ProcessBuilder redirectInput(File file) {
        return redirectInput(Redirect.from(file));
    }

    public ProcessBuilder redirectOutput(File file) {
        return redirectOutput(Redirect.to(file));
    }

    public ProcessBuilder redirectError(File file) {
        return redirectError(Redirect.to(file));
    }

    private Redirect[] redirects() {
    // 如果redirects没有初始化 则新建一个三个对象的Redirect数组
    // 表示输入/输出/错误重定向
        if (redirects == null)
            redirects = new Redirect[] {
                Redirect.PIPE, Redirect.PIPE, Redirect.PIPE
            };
        return redirects;
    }

    // 默认的输入/ 输出/ 错误 重定向为PIPE
    public Redirect redirectInput() {
        return (redirects == null) ? Redirect.PIPE : redirects[0];
    }

    public Redirect redirectOutput() {
        return (redirects == null) ? Redirect.PIPE : redirects[1];
    }

    public Redirect redirectError() {
        return (redirects == null) ? Redirect.PIPE : redirects[2];
    }

ProcessBuilder. redirectErrorStream()

    public boolean redirectErrorStream() {
        return redirectErrorStream;
    }

    public ProcessBuilder redirectErrorStream(boolean redirectErrorStream) {
        this.redirectErrorStream = redirectErrorStream;
        return this;
    }

ProcessBuilder. inheritIO()

public ProcessBuilder inheritIO() {
    // 将redirects都设置为Redirect.INHERIT
        Arrays.fill(redirects(), Redirect.INHERIT);
        return this;
    }

ProcessBuilder. start()

    // 这个是ProcessBuilder的核心业务方法, 也是我们使用到的最多的方法, 启动一个进程
    public Process start() throws IOException {
        // Must convert to array first -- a malicious user-supplied
        // list might try to circumvent the security check.
        String[] cmdarray = command.toArray(new String[command.size()]);
        // toArray不是会新建一个数组吗 为什么还需要clone..?
        cmdarray = cmdarray.clone();
        // 校验是否存在null参数
        for (String arg : cmdarray)
            if (arg == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
        // Throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if command is empty
        // 第一个字符串为要启动的程序
        String prog = cmdarray[0];
        // security check
        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (security != null) {
            security.checkExec(prog);
        }
        // 为什么要新建一个字符串？并发?
        String dir = directory == null ? null : directory.toString();

        try {
            // 新建一个进程实例
            return ProcessImpl.start(cmdarray,
                                     environment,
                                     dir,
                                     redirects,
                                     redirectErrorStream);
        } catch (IOException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
            String exceptionInfo = ": " + e.getMessage();
            Throwable cause = e;
            if ((e instanceof IOException) && security != null) {
                // Can not disclose the fail reason for read-protected files.
                // 不能公开读取受保护的文件  exceptionInfo=””
                try {
                    security.checkRead(prog);
                } catch (AccessControlException ace) {
                    exceptionInfo = "";
                    cause = ace;
                }
            }
            // It's much easier for us to create a high-quality error
            // message than the low-level C code which found the problem.
            // 抛出异常
            throw new IOException(
                "Cannot run program \"" + prog + "\""
                + (dir == null ? "" : " (in directory \"" + dir + "\")")
                + exceptionInfo,
                cause);
        }
    }

    // System-dependent portion of ProcessBuilder.start()
    static Process start(String cmdarray[],
                         java.util.Map<String,String> environment,
                         String dir,
                         ProcessBuilder.Redirect[] redirects,
                         boolean redirectErrorStream)
        throws IOException
{
    // ...
        String envblock = ProcessEnvironment.toEnvironmentBlock(environment);

        FileInputStream  f0 = null;
        FileOutputStream f1 = null;
        FileOutputStream f2 = null;

        try {
            long[] stdHandles;
            if (redirects == null) {
                stdHandles = new long[] { -1L, -1L, -1L };
            } else {
                stdHandles = new long[3];

                // 如果输入type为pipe 设置输入标志位为-1L
                // 如果是inherit 设置输入标志位为fdAccess.getHandle(FileDescriptor.in)
                // 否则 f0设置为对应输入流重定向文件的FileInputStream，设置输入标志位为f0.getFD()
                if (redirects[0] == Redirect.PIPE)
                    stdHandles[0] = -1L;
                else if (redirects[0] == Redirect.INHERIT)
                    stdHandles[0] = fdAccess.getHandle(FileDescriptor.in);
                else {
                    f0 = new FileInputStream(redirects[0].file());
                    stdHandles[0] = fdAccess.getHandle(f0.getFD());
                }

                if (redirects[1] == Redirect.PIPE)
                    stdHandles[1] = -1L;
                else if (redirects[1] == Redirect.INHERIT)
                    stdHandles[1] = fdAccess.getHandle(FileDescriptor.out);
                else {
                    f1 = newFileOutputStream(redirects[1].file(),
                                             redirects[1].append());
                    stdHandles[1] = fdAccess.getHandle(f1.getFD());
                }

                if (redirects[2] == Redirect.PIPE)
                    stdHandles[2] = -1L;
                else if (redirects[2] == Redirect.INHERIT)
                    stdHandles[2] = fdAccess.getHandle(FileDescriptor.err);
                else {
                    f2 = newFileOutputStream(redirects[2].file(),
                                             redirects[2].append());
                    stdHandles[2] = fdAccess.getHandle(f2.getFD());
                }
            }
            // 新建一个进程实例
            return new ProcessImpl(cmdarray, envblock, dir,
                                   stdHandles, redirectErrorStream);
        } finally {
            // In theory, close() can throw IOException
            // (although it is rather unlikely to happen here)
            // 理论上来讲close()操作可能会抛出IOException
            // 但是在这里可能不太可能会出现
            try { if (f0 != null) f0.close(); }
            finally {
                try { if (f1 != null) f1.close(); }
                finally { if (f2 != null) f2.close(); }
            }
        }

    }

->

ok, ProcessBuilder 到此结束了, 这个类需要最核心的就是start方法了, 以及对于重定向的理解

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资源下载 : http://download.csdn.net/detail/u011039332/9061385

注 : 因为作者的水平有限，必然可能出现一些bug, 所以请大家指出！