目录
在编写代码的时候最常用到的就是字符串了,Golang 中的字符串统一使用 UTF-8 (属于Unicode编码的一种实现方式)进行编码,本篇文章将结合具体实例对常用的字符串操作函数进行介绍。
1. func Contains
func Contains(s, substr string) bool
作用:判断 substr 是否是 s 的子串,例如:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
func main() {
fmt.Println(strings.Contains("Linux", "in"))
fmt.Println(strings.Contains("Linux", "Unix"))
fmt.Println(strings.Contains("Linux", ""))
fmt.Println(strings.Contains("", ""))
}
输出:
true
false
true
true
2. func HasPrefix
func HasPrefix(s, prefix string) bool
作用:字符串 s 是否以 prefix 为开头,例如:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
func main() {
fmt.Println(strings.HasPrefix("Linux", "Lin"))
fmt.Println(strings.HasPrefix("Linux", "in"))
fmt.Println(strings.HasPrefix("Linux", ""))
}
输出:
true
false
true
3. func HasSuffix
func HasSuffix(s, suffix string) bool
作用:判断字符串 s 是否以 suffix 结尾,例如:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
func main() {
fmt.Println(strings.HasSuffix("Linux", "nux"))
fmt.Println(strings.HasSuffix("Linux", "ix"))
fmt.Println(strings.HasSuffix("Linux", ""))
}
输出:
true
false
true
4. func Replace
func Replace(s, old, new string, n int) string
作用:返回 s 中前 n 个不重复的 old 子串替换为 new 子串的新字符串,如果 n < 0 ,则替换所有 old 子串,例如:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
func main() {
fmt.Println(strings.Replace("Linux is very very very good!", "very", "much", 2))
fmt.Println(strings.Replace("Linux is very very very good!", "very", "much", -1))
}
输出:
Linux is much much very good!
Linux is much much much good!
5. func Split
func Split(s, sep string) []string
作用:返回将字符串 s 按 sep子串分割的字符串切片,sep 为空字符串时,将 s 分割为每一个 unicode 码值的字符串切片。例如:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
func main() {
fmt.Println(strings.Split("Linux, Unix, Windows, Android", ", "))
fmt.Println(strings.Split(" Linux is very very very good! ", " "))
}
输出:返回的是字符串数组。
[Linux Unix Windows Android]
[ Linux is very very very good! ]
6. func ToLower
func ToLower(s string) string
作用:返回字符串 s 中字母转小写的拷贝,例如:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
func main() {
fmt.Println(strings.ToLower("Linux, Unix, Windows, Android"))
fmt.Println(strings.ToLower(" Linux is very very very good! "))
}
输出:
linux, unix, windows, android
linux is very very very good!
7. func ToUpper
func ToUpper(s string) string
作用:返回字符串 s 中字母转大写的拷贝,例如:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
func main() {
fmt.Println(strings.ToUpper("Linux, Unix, Windows, Android"))
fmt.Println(strings.ToUpper(" Linux is very very very good! "))
}
输出:
LINUX, UNIX, WINDOWS, ANDROID
LINUX IS VERY VERY VERY GOOD!
8. func Repeat
func Repeat(s string, count int) string
作用:返回 count 个字符串 s 相连接的字符串,如果 count 为负数 或(len * s * count)的结果溢出,则报 panic 异常。例如:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
func main() {
fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("Linux", 6))
fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("Linux", 0))
fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("Linux", -1))
}
输出:
LinuxLinuxLinuxLinuxLinuxLinux
panic: strings: negative Repeat count
goroutine 1 [running]:
strings.Repeat(0x4bcf3d, 0x5, 0xffffffffffffffff, 0x1, 0x1)
/usr/local/go/src/strings/strings.go:529 +0x5e5
main.main()
/root/goProject/src/test/main.go:11 +0x167
9. func Count
func Count(s, substr string) int
作用:返回字符串 s 中包含的不重叠的子串 substr 个数,如果 substr 是一个空字符串,则返回1 + s中的Unicode代码点数(Unicode 代码点:可以简单理解为一个符号便是一个代码点),例如:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
func main() {
fmt.Println(strings.Count("Golang Golang Golang", "Go"))
fmt.Println(strings.Count("Golang", ""))
fmt.Println(strings.Count("Golang语言", ""))
}
输出:
3
7
9
10. func Index
func Index(s, substr string) int
作用:返回字符串 s 中包含的第一个子串 substr 的索引,如果不存在返回 -1,例如:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
func main() {
fmt.Println(strings.Index("Golang", "lang"))
fmt.Println(strings.Index("Golang", "Linux"))
}
输出:
2
-1
11. func Join
func Join(elems []string, sep string) string
作用:使用 sep 作为分隔符,将elems 中的所有字符连接起来,例如:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
func main() {
elems := []string{"I", "like", "golang", "!"}
fmt.Println(strings.Join(elems, " "))
elems = []string{"123", "456", "789"}
fmt.Println(strings.Join(elems, "-"))
}
输出:
[root@localhost gotest]# go run main.go
I like golang !
123-456-789
[root@localhost gotest]#
参考链接: