oracle RMAN备份步骤

1、 要使用RMAN备份前提是必须启动ORACLE归档日志功能； 

2、 首先检查数据库归档日志模式，以DBA用户模式登陆系统，执行

SELECT log_mode from v$database;--查看数据库归档方式

3、 如果结果为NOARCHIVELOG则需要将数据库模式设置为归档模式，否则跳过此步 
A、 关闭数据库 SQL> shutdown immediate;

B、 挂起模式启动数据库 

SQL> startup mount;

C、 将数据库设置成归档模式 SQL> alter database archivelog;

D、 启动数据库 

SQL> alter database open;

E、 重新做第二步的检查，如果为ARCHIVELOG表明数据库归档模式启动成功; 
4、 利用RMAN做批处理备份脚本，为了简单这里只做两层的备份，0级备份和1级备份，0级备份代表全库备份，1级为增量备份： 
A、 批处理脚本，可以根据实际情况做稍许调整，这边不做详细介绍了，经我测试在win7下执行是无问题的 set oracle_sid=orcl
set y=%date:~0,4%
set m=%date:~5,2%
set d=%date:~8,2%
set h=%time:~0,2%
set mi=%time:~3,2%
set s=%time:~6,2%
rman target / log f:\backup\logs\%y%%m%%d%_%h%%mi%%s%.log cmdfile=F:\backup\backupscript\database_backup_orcl_level0.rman

pause

B、 RMAN脚本 
================FILENAME： database_backup_orcl_level0.rman==============
================我是分割线====0级备份===============================

RUN{
configure retention policy to redundancy 2;
#CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 1 DAYS;

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;


CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO "f:/backup/%F%T.control_bak";

ALLOCATE CHANNEL CH1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT "f:/backup/%U%T%t.bak";

BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0 DATABASE SKIP INACCESSIBLE FILESPERSET 10

PLUS ARCHIVELOG FILESPERSET 20

DELETE ALL INPUT;

RELEASE CHANNEL CH1;
}

ALLOCATE CHANNEL FOR MAINTENANCE DEVICE TYPE DISK;

CROSSCHECK BACKUPSET;

DELETE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE;
===============分割线==============================================
================FILENAME： database_backup_orcl_level1.rman==============
================我是分割线====1级备份===============================
RUN{
configure retention policy to redundancy 2;
#CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 1 DAYS;

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;


CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO "f:/backup/%F%T.control_bak";

ALLOCATE CHANNEL CH1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT "f:/backup/%U%T%t.bak";

BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 DATABASE SKIP INACCESSIBLE FILESPERSET 10

PLUS ARCHIVELOG FILESPERSET 20

DELETE ALL INPUT;

RELEASE CHANNEL CH1;
}

ALLOCATE CHANNEL FOR MAINTENANCE DEVICE TYPE DISK;

CROSSCHECK BACKUPSET;

DELETE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE;
===============分割线==============================================