C# 6.0新特性整理

C# 6.0中引入的新特性，以下是测试过的

1.自动的属性初始化器 Auto Property Initializer

/// <summary>
/// C#6.0 自动属性不需要编写构造器就能添加初始值
/// </summary>
public class AutoPropertyInCsharp6
{
    public int PostID { get; } = 1;
    public string PostName { get; } = "Post1";
    public string PostTitle { get; protected set; } = string.Empty;

    public AutoPropertyInCsharp6()
    {
        //实验证明，在构造器中PostID已经有了初始值
        Console.WriteLine(PostID);
    }
}

1.1 为访问器添加访问限制

public string FirstName { get; private set; }
public string LastName { get; private set; }

2. 字典初始化器 Dictionary Initializer

/// <summary>
/// 字典类型数据初始化
/// </summary>
public class DictionaryInitializerInCSharp6
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 之前的字典初始化器
    /// </summary>
    public Dictionary<string, string> List1 = new Dictionary<string, string>() {
        { "name1","12"},
        { "name2","13"},
    };
    /// <summary>
    /// C#6.0 增加的字典初始化器
    /// </summary>
    public Dictionary<string, string> List2 = new Dictionary<string, string>()
    {
        ["name1"] = "12",
        ["name2"] = "13",
    };
}

3. 静态的Using Static Using

//C#6.0 引用静态类的方式
using static System.Console;

namespace Grammar2._1
{
    public class StaticUsingInCSharp6
    {
        public void Test1()
        {
            WriteLine("Static Using in C# 6");
        }
    }
} 

4.catch 块中的 await

/// <summary>
/// 声明一个异步的方法
/// </summary>
public async void CatchTest()
{
    try
    {
        int a = Convert.ToInt32("a");
        Console.WriteLine(a);
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        await doSomething(ex);
    }
}
private Task doSomething(Exception ex)
{
    return Task.Run(() =>
    {
        Console.WriteLine("doSomething:" + ex.Message);
    });
}

5.异常过滤器 Exception Filter 

/// <summary>
/// try/catch 语句when关键词过滤
/// </summary>
public void CacheTest2()
{
    try
    {
        int a = Convert.ToInt32("a");
        Console.WriteLine(a);
    }
    catch (Exception ex) when (ex.InnerException == null)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("ex.InnerException为空");
    }
}

6.用于检查NULL值的条件访问操作符

/// <summary>
/// 用于检查null值得条件访问操作符 ?.
/// </summary>
public void NullTest1()
{
    StaticUsingInCSharp6 auto1 = new StaticUsingInCSharp6();
    // StaticUsingInCSharp6 auto1 = null;
    string str = null;
    str = auto1?.Str ?? "空字符串";
    Console.WriteLine(str);
}
public string Str { get; set; } = "abc";

7.字符串插值处理

/// <summary>
/// C# 6.0 字符串插值处理
/// </summary>
public class StringInterpolation
{
    public static string Test1()
    {
        string first = "san";
        string send = "zhang";
        string result = $"{send}--{first}";
        Console.WriteLine(result);
        return result;
    }
    public static string FirstName { get; set; } = "san";
    public static string SendName { get; set; } = "zhang";
    public static string FullName  => $"{FirstName}--{SendName}";
    public static string GetAll() => $"Name:{FullName},Name2:{StringInterpolation.Test1()}";
}

MSDN说明文档：https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/articles/csharp/csharp-6

参考文件：http://www.oschina.net/translate/new-features-in-csharp