8.1 最大报文段（MSS）选项

    　MSS选项用于通知对端本端能接受的每个TCP分段中的最大数据长度，发送端TCP用接收到的MSS值作为决定所发送分段的最大大小的最大值。MSS选项的总长度为4字节，MSS值为16bit，最大为65535。MSS选项只能在有SYN标记的包中携带。

　　在初始化socket的时候就需要设置MSS相关信息，connect时：

 2752 void tcp_connect_init(struct sock *sk)
2753 {
2754     const struct dst_entry *dst = __sk_dst_get(sk);
2755     struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
2756     __u8 rcv_wscale;
...
2778     tp->advmss = dst_metric_advmss(dst);　//dst_metric_advmss到路由表中查询MSS，会利用到路径MTU探测的结果
2779     if (tp->rx_opt.user_mss && tp->rx_opt.user_mss < tp->advmss)//tp->rx_opt.user_mss是TCP_MAXSEG socket选项设置的值
2780         tp->advmss = tp->rx_opt.user_mss;　//取二者中最小的
...

　　发送SYN时：

  828 static int tcp_transmit_skb(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb, int clone_it,
 829                 gfp_t gfp_mask)
 830 {
 831     const struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
 832     struct inet_sock *inet;
 833     struct tcp_sock *tp;
 834     struct tcp_skb_cb *tcb;
 835     struct tcp_out_options opts;
 836     unsigned int tcp_options_size, tcp_header_size;
 837     struct tcp_md5sig_key *md5;
 838     struct tcphdr *th;
 839     int err;
...
 868     memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 869
 870     if (unlikely(tcb->tcp_flags & TCPHDR_SYN))
 871         tcp_options_size = tcp_syn_options(sk, skb, &opts, &md5);//将选项信息写入opts局部变量中
 872     else
 873         tcp_options_size = tcp_established_options(sk, skb, &opts,
 874                                &md5);
...
 925     tcp_options_write((__be32 *)(th + 1), tp, &opts);//将opts中的选项信息写入报文的TCP头中
...

　　构建SYN|ACK时：

 2654 struct sk_buff *tcp_make_synack(struct sock *sk, struct dst_entry *dst,
2655                 struct request_sock *req,
2656                 struct tcp_fastopen_cookie *foc)
2657 {
2658     struct tcp_out_options opts;
2659     struct inet_request_sock *ireq = inet_rsk(req);
2660     struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
2661     struct tcphdr *th;
2662     struct sk_buff *skb;
2663     struct tcp_md5sig_key *md5;    
2664     int tcp_header_size;
2665     int mss;
...
2678     mss = dst_metric_advmss(dst);
2679     if (tp->rx_opt.user_mss && tp->rx_opt.user_mss < mss)
2680         mss = tp->rx_opt.user_mss;
...
2703     memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
2704 #ifdef CONFIG_SYN_COOKIES
2705     if (unlikely(req->cookie_ts))
2706         TCP_SKB_CB(