快要放假了，作为一个萌萌嗒的软件专业的小学生，终于要和“课设”这个家伙说hello了~
但是学校总是让做一些系统，比如图书管理系统啦，成绩管理系统啦，lol段位管理系统啦，炉石卡包管理系统啦。。。哈哈，又在瞎掰了，竟然被你们看出来了
~
可是我觉得这虽然能够锻炼我们的编程能力，但是界面一点都不美观，一直黑不隆咚的，觉得好别扭。于是突发奇想，可不可以自己写一个类，然后提供一些方法，便于生成漂亮的界面呢，说干就干~~~
先来亮一下输出界面吧：
怎么样，是不是比以前看到的漂亮多了，那它是怎么实现的呢？
void H_Student::showInfo()
{
IO_Table io;
io.setNavigation("学生类型,学生ID,学生姓名,性别,年龄,班级",6);
io.setTitle("学生管理系统");
H_Student *temp;
for (temp = mHead; temp != NULL; temp = temp->mNext)
{
string data[] = { "大学生", to_string(temp->mID), string(temp->mName),
string(((temp->mSex == 1) ? "男" : "女")), to_string(temp->mAge), to_string(temp->mClass) };
io.addRow(data);
}
temp = NULL;
}
再看看输入界面：
IO_Table io;
string data[] = { "学生类型", " 学生ID", " 学生姓名", "性别", "年龄", "班级" };
io.inputData(data,6);
就这么简单的几行代码，是不是很方便呢？
下面来看下这个类的实现方法~
这是头文件IO_Table.h:
#pragma once
#include <windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
class IO_Table
{
public:
/*********************************
┌───────┬───────┐
│ 标题1 │ 标题2 │
├───────┼───────┤
│ 内容1 │ 内容2 │
└───────┴───────┘
*********************************/
private:
typedef struct DATA
{
string *mRowData;
struct DATA *mNext;
}Data;
static Data *mHead;
static Data *mTemp;
private:
int mLeft; //起始x坐标(为了居中显示，所以动态获取)
static const int mTop = 1; //起始y坐标
int mRow; //逻辑行数
int mCol; //逻辑列数
static int *mWidth; //每一列的宽度
int mAllWidth; //总宽度（包括边框）
static string *mInput; //输入内容
string mTitle; //标题
private:
HANDLE mHand; //控制台句柄
static CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursor_true ; //光标可见
static CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursor_false; //光标不可见
void gotoxy(int x,int y); //广角定位
int getAllWidth(); //获取表格总宽度（包括边框）
void printNavigation(string *navigation); //打印导航栏
void printRow(string *content); //打印行
void refresh(); //刷新
void clear(); //清空
void delPoint(Data*); //删除某个节点
public:
IO_Table(void); //构造函数
~IO_Table(); //析构函数
void setTitle(string title); //设置标题栏
/*************************************************************
* 对于char型数组，可以用string(char *)转换成为string类型
* 对于其他的数据类型，可以利用to_string()函数来转换到string类型
*************************************************************/
void setNavigation(string *navigation, int col); //设置导航栏
void setNavigation(string navigation, int col); //设置导航栏
void addRow(string *content); //插入一整行
//用完以后一定要用delete[]删除，切记切记！
string *inputData(string *navigation, int row); //输入数据
string *inputData(string navigation, int row); //输入数据
void setInputResult(string strTips); //输入提示
};
这是IO_Table.cpp:
#include "IO_Table.h"
/*char *mHalo[] = { "──", "┌", "┬", "┐", "├", "┼", "┤", "└", "┴", "┘", "│" }; */
IO_Table::Data *IO_Table::mHead = NULL;
IO_Table::Data *IO_Table::mTemp = NULL;
string *IO_Table::mInput = NULL; //输出初始化
int *IO_Table::mWidth = NULL; //宽度初始化
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO IO_Table::cursor_true = { 5, TRUE };
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO IO_Table::cursor_false = { 5, FALSE };
IO_Table::IO_Table()
{
clear();
mHand = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
SetConsoleCursorInfo(mHand, &cursor_false);
}
//==================================设置标题====================================
void IO_Table::setTitle(string title)
{
if (mCol == 0) return;
mTitle = title;
int surplus = title.length() / 2 - (getAllWidth() - 2);
gotoxy(mLeft + 1, mTop + 1); //清空标题框
cout << setw(getAllWidth()-2) << "";
//判断标题文字是否超过最大宽度
if (surplus <= 0)
{
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
gotoxy(mLeft + abs(int((getAllWidth() - title.length()/2) / 2)), mTop + 1);
cout << title;
}
else{
int minIndex=0;
for (int c = 0; c < mCol; c++)
{
mWidth[c] += (surplus / mCol);
if (mWidth[minIndex]>mWidth[c]) minIndex = c;
}
mWidth[minIndex] += surplus % mCol;
refresh();
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
gotoxy(mLeft + (getAllWidth() - title.length() / 2) / 2, mTop + 1);
cout << title;
}
}
//=========================添加导航栏=============================
void IO_Table::setNavigation(string *navigation, int col)
{
mCol = col;
//链表重置，添加导航栏到表头
if (mHead != NULL) clear();
mHead = mTemp = (Data*)malloc(sizeof(Data));
mTemp->mNext = NULL;
mTemp->mRowData = new string[col];
//宽度重置，根据所给值分配
if (mWidth != NULL)
{
delete[] mWidth;
mWidth = NULL;
}
mWidth = new int[mCol];
for (int c = 0; c < mCol; c++)
{
mWidth[c] = int(navigation[c].length() / 2 + 0.5);
mTemp->mRowData[c] = navigation[c]; //把数据存储在链表中
}
printNavigation(navigation);
}
void IO_Table::setNavigation(string navigation, int col)
{
mCol = col;
//链表重置，添加导航栏到表头
if (mHead != NULL) clear();
mHead = mTemp = (Data*)malloc(sizeof(Data));
mTemp->mNext = NULL;
mTemp->mRowData = new string[col];
//宽度重置，根据所给值分配
if (mWidth != NULL)
{
delete[] mWidth;
mWidth = NULL;
}
mWidth = new int[mCol];
string strTemp = ""; //临时字符
int index = 0; //当前元素
for (int c = 0; c < navigation.length(); c++)
{
if (navigation[c] != ',' && navigation[c] != '，')
{
strTemp += navigation[c];
}
else{
mTemp->mRowData[index] = strTemp;
mWidth[index] = int(strTemp.length() / 2 + 0.5);
strTemp.clear();
index++;
}
}
mTemp->mRowData[index] = strTemp;
mWidth[index] = int(strTemp.length() / 2 + 0.5);
printNavigation(mTemp->mRowData);
}
//绘制表格边框
void IO_Table::printNavigation(string *naviation)
{
system("cls");
//每次重绘表头时，行数都归零
mRow = 0;
//获取水平位置起始点，以居中显示表格
mLeft = (40 - getAllWidth()) / 2;
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
//第1行
gotoxy(mLeft, mTop);
cout << "┌";
for (int c = 0; c < mCol; c++)
{
for (int w = 0; w < mWidth[c]; w++)
cout << "─";
cout << (c == mCol - 1 ? "┐" : "─");
}
//第2行
gotoxy(mLeft, mTop + 1);
cout << "│";
cout << setw(getAllWidth()*2 - 4) << "";
cout << "│";
//第3行
gotoxy(mLeft, mTop + 2);
cout << "├";
for (int c = 0; c < mCol; c++)
{
for (int w = 0; w < mWidth[c]; w++)
cout << "─";
cout << (c == mCol - 1 ? "┤" : "┬");
}
//第4行
gotoxy(mLeft, mTop + 3);
for (int c = 0; c < mCol; c++)
{
cout << "│";
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
cout << setw(mWidth[c]*2) << naviation[c];
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
}
cout << "│";
//第5行
gotoxy(mLeft, mTop + 4);
cout << "└";
for (int c = 0; c < mCol; c++)
{
for (int w = 0; w < mWidth[c]; w++)
cout << "─";
cout << (c == mCol - 1 ? "┘" : "┴");
}
}
//==========================添加行======================================
void IO_Table::addRow(string *content)
{
if (mCol == 0) return;
bool needRefresh = false; //是否需要刷新（当某个数据超过当前列的宽度时需要刷新）
if (mHead == NULL)
return; //如果没有表头，直接退出
else{
mTemp->mNext = (Data*)malloc(sizeof(Data));
mTemp = mTemp->mNext;
mTemp->mNext = NULL;
}
mTemp->mRowData = new string[mCol];
for (int c = 0; c < mCol; c++)
{
mTemp->mRowData[c] = content[c];
if ((content[c].length()/2) > mWidth[c])
{
mWidth[c] = (content[c].length() % 2 == 0 ? content[c].length()/2 : content[c].length()/2 + 1);
needRefresh = true;
}
}
if (needRefresh)
refresh();
else
printRow(content);
}
void IO_Table::printRow(string *content)
{
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
gotoxy(mLeft, mTop + mRow * 2 + 4);
cout << "├";
for (int c = 0; c < mCol; c++)
{
for (int w = 0; w < mWidth[c] ; w++)
cout << "─";
cout << (c == mCol - 1 ? "┤" : "┼");
}
gotoxy(mLeft, mTop + mRow * 2 + 5);
for (int c = 0; c < mCol; c++)
{
cout << "│";
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, 0x0f);
cout << setw(mWidth[c]*2) << content[c];
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
}
cout << "│";
gotoxy(mLeft, mTop + mRow * 2 + 6);
cout << "└";
for (int c = 0; c < mCol; c++)
{
for (int w = 0; w < mWidth[c] ; w++)
cout << "─";
cout << (c == mCol - 1 ? "┘" : "┴");
}
mRow++;
}
//===========================输入=================================
string *IO_Table::inputData(string *navigation, int row/*数据个数*/)
{
clear();
system("cls");
mRow = row;
mLeft = 10;
for (int r = 0; r <= mRow; r++)
{
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN |FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
gotoxy(mLeft, mTop + r * 2 );
cout << (r == 0 ? "┌" : "├");
for (int c = 0; c < 20; c++)
{
cout << (c == 5 ? (r == 0 ? "┬" : (r == mRow ? "┴" : "┼")) : "─");
}
cout << (r == 0 ? "┐" : "┤");
gotoxy(mLeft, mTop + r * 2 + 1);
cout << "│";
if (r != mRow)
{
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
cout << setw(10) << navigation[r];
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN |FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
cout << "│";
cout << setw(28) << "";
}
else
cout << setw(40) << "";
cout << "│";
gotoxy(mLeft, mTop + r * 2 + 2);
cout << "└";
for (int c = 0; c < 20; c++)
cout << (c == 5 && r != mRow ? "┴" : "─");
cout << "┘";
}
int index = 0; //当前输入焦点行
string strTemp; //临时数据的数据
string *strInput = new string[row]; //所有输入数据的集合
SetConsoleCursorInfo(mHand, &cursor_true);
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, 0x0f);
do
{
gotoxy(mLeft + 7, mTop + index * 2 + 1);
fflush(stdin);
getline(cin, strTemp);
if (strTemp.length() == 0)
continue;
strInput[index] = strTemp;
} while (++index < row);
SetConsoleCursorInfo(mHand, &cursor_false);
gotoxy(mLeft + 1, mTop + index * 2 + 1);
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, 0x0f);
cout << " 输入成功！ 请按任意键继续...";
return strInput;
}
string *IO_Table::inputData(string navigation, int row)
{
clear();
system("cls");
int width = 5;
mRow = row;
mLeft = 10;
string *strNavigation = new string[row];
string strTemp = ""; //临时字符
int index = 0; //当前元素
for (int c = 0; c < navigation.length(); c++)
{
if (navigation[c] != ',' && navigation[c] != '，')
{
strTemp += navigation[c];
}
else{
width = width < strTemp.length()/2 ? width : strTemp.length()/2;
strNavigation[index++] = strTemp;
strTemp.clear();
}
}
strNavigation[index] = strTemp;
width = width < strTemp.length()/2 ? width : strTemp.length()/2;
for (int r = 0; r <= mRow; r++)
{
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
gotoxy(mLeft, mTop + r * 2);
cout << (r == 0 ? "┌" : "├");
for (int c = 0; c < 20; c++)
{
cout << (c == width ? (r == 0 ? "┬" : (r == mRow ? "┴" : "┼")) : "─");
}
cout << (r == 0 ? "┐" : "┤");
gotoxy(mLeft, mTop + r * 2 + 1);
cout << "│";
if (r != mRow)
{
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
cout << setw(10) << strNavigation[r];
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
cout << "│";
cout << setw(28) << "";
}
else
cout << setw(40) << "";
cout << "│";
gotoxy(mLeft, mTop + r * 2 + 2);
cout << "└";
for (int c = 0; c < 20; c++)
cout << (c == width && r != mRow ? "┴" : "─");
cout << "┘";
}
delete[] strNavigation;
index = 0; //当前输入焦点行
string *strInput = new string[row]; //所有输入数据的集合
SetConsoleCursorInfo(mHand, &cursor_true);
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, 0x0f);
do
{
gotoxy(mLeft + 7, mTop + index * 2 + 1);
fflush(stdin);
getline(cin, strTemp);
if (strTemp.length() == 0)
continue;
strInput[index] = strTemp;
} while (++index < row);
setInputResult("输入成功！");
return strInput;
}
void IO_Table::setInputResult(string strTips)
{
if (mRow == 0) return;
SetConsoleCursorInfo(mHand, &cursor_false);
gotoxy(mLeft + 1, mTop + mRow * 2 + 1);
cout << setw(40) << "";
gotoxy(mLeft + 1, mTop + mRow * 2 + 1);
SetConsoleTextAttribute(mHand, 0x0f);
cout << strTips;
}
void IO_Table::refresh()
{
Data *temp;
for (temp = mHead; temp != NULL; temp = temp->mNext)
{
if (temp == mHead)
printNavigation(temp->mRowData);
else
printRow(temp->mRowData);
}
if (!mTitle.empty()) setTitle(mTitle);
}
inline void IO_Table::gotoxy(int x, int y)
{
COORD cd;
cd.X = x << 1;
cd.Y = y;
SetConsoleCursorPosition(mHand,cd);
}
int IO_Table::getAllWidth()
{
int allWidth = mCol + 1;
for (int c = 0; c < mCol; c++)
allWidth += mWidth[c];
return allWidth;
}
void IO_Table::clear()
{
mRow = 0;
mCol = 0;
mLeft = 0;
if (mWidth != NULL)
{
delete[] mWidth;
mWidth = NULL;
}
if (mInput != NULL)
{
delete[] mInput;
mInput = NULL;
}
Data *next;
mTemp = mHead;
while (mTemp != NULL)
{
//先把行数据清空
delete[] mTemp->mRowData;
mTemp->mRowData = NULL;
//释放节点并删除
next = mTemp->mNext;
free(mTemp);
mTemp = next;
}
mHead = mTemp = next = NULL;
}
IO_Table::~IO_Table()
{
clear();
}
现在呢，它不仅可以格式化输出，还可以格式化输入，并且可以根据数据的长度自由控制表格的宽度，标题和表格都是居中显示的。但是，它也有一些缺点，就是如果数据过于长且超过窗口的最大宽度，它会乱行
由于技术有限，目前只能写到这里，当然程序中一定会有一些bug，所以这里分享给大家，希望大家能够和我一起改进它，让它成为一个可以被广泛使用的类。
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