yuv编码为h264

一、开发环境

操作系统：win10
IDE：VS2019
lib库：ffmpeg5

二、代码

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2001 Fabrice Bellard
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */

 /**
  * @file
  * video encoding with libavcodec API example
  *
  * @example encode_video.c
  */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>

#include <libavutil/opt.h>
#include <libavutil/imgutils.h>
#include <libswscale/swscale.h>

static void encode(AVCodecContext* enc_ctx, AVFrame* frame, AVPacket* pkt,
    FILE* outfile)
{
    int ret;

    /* send the frame to the encoder */
    if (frame)
        printf("Send frame %3"PRId64"\n", frame->pts);

    ret = avcodec_send_frame(enc_ctx, frame);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error sending a frame for encoding\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    while (ret >= 0) {
        ret = avcodec_receive_packet(enc_ctx, pkt);
        if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)
            return;
        else if (ret < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error during encoding\n");
            exit(1);
        }

        printf("Write packet %3"PRId64" (size=%5d)\n", pkt->pts, pkt->size);
        fwrite(pkt->data, 1, pkt->size, outfile);
        av_packet_unref(pkt);
    }
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    const char* filename, * codec_name;
    const AVCodec* codec;
    AVCodecContext* c = NULL;
    int i, ret, x, y;
    FILE* f;
    AVFrame* frame;
    AVPacket* pkt;
    uint8_t endcode[] = { 0, 0, 1, 0xb7 };

    //if (argc <= 2) {
    //    fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <output file> <codec name>\n", argv[0]);
    //    exit(0);
    //}
    filename = "output22.h264";
    codec_name = "../resources/test.yuv";
   
    FILE* inFile;
    fopen_s(&inFile, codec_name, "rb");
    if (!inFile) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s\n", codec_name);
        exit(1);
    }

    /* find the mpeg1video encoder */
    codec = avcodec_find_encoder(AV_CODEC_ID_H264);
    if (!codec) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Codec '%s' not found\n", codec_name);
        exit(1);
    }

    c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
    if (!c) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video codec context\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    pkt = av_packet_alloc();
    if (!pkt)
        exit(1);

    /* put sample parameters */
    c->bit_rate = 400000;
    /* resolution must be a multiple of two */
    c->width = 640;
    c->height = 480;
    /* frames per second */
    c->time_base = (AVRational){ 1, 25 };
    c->framerate = (AVRational){ 25, 1 };
    c->qmin = 10;
    c->qmax = 51;

    /* emit one intra frame every ten frames
     * check frame pict_type before passing frame
     * to encoder, if frame->pict_type is AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I
     * then gop_size is ignored and the output of encoder
     * will always be I frame irrespective to gop_size
     */
    c->gop_size = 10;
    c->max_b_frames = 1;
    c->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
    c->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;

    if (codec->id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264)
        av_opt_set(c->priv_data, "preset", "slow", 0);

    /* open it */
    ret = avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open codec: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
        exit(1);
    }

    fopen_s(&f, filename, "wb");
    if (!f) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s\n", filename);
        exit(1);
    }

    frame = av_frame_alloc();
    if (!frame) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video frame\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    frame->format = c->pix_fmt;
    frame->width = c->width;
    frame->height = c->height;

    ret = av_frame_get_buffer(frame, 0);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate the video frame data\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    int y_size = c->width * c->height;
    int picture_size = y_size * 3 / 2;
    uint8_t* picture_buf = (uint8_t*)av_malloc(picture_size);
    
    struct SwsContext* img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(c->width, c->height, c->pix_fmt,
        c->width, c->height, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
        SWS_BICUBIC, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    /* encode 4 second of video */
    for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
        fflush(stdout);

        /* Make sure the frame data is writable.
           On the first round, the frame is fresh from av_frame_get_buffer()
           and therefore we know it is writable.
           But on the next rounds, encode() will have called
           avcodec_send_frame(), and the codec may have kept a reference to
           the frame in its internal structures, that makes the frame
           unwritable.
           av_frame_make_writable() checks that and allocates a new buffer
           for the frame only if necessary.
         */
        ret = av_frame_make_writable(frame);
        if (ret < 0)
            exit(1);

        /* Prepare a dummy image.
           In real code, this is where you would have your own logic for
           filling the frame. FFmpeg does not care what you put in the
           frame.
         */
         /* Y */
        //for (y = 0; y < c->height; y++) {
        //    for (x = 0; x < c->width; x++) {
        //        frame->data[0][y * frame->linesize[0] + x] = x + y + i * 3;
        //    }
        //}

        ///* Cb and Cr */
        //for (y = 0; y < c->height / 2; y++) {
        //    for (x = 0; x < c->width / 2; x++) {
        //        frame->data[1][y * frame->linesize[1] + x] = 128 + y + i * 2;
        //        frame->data[2][y * frame->linesize[2] + x] = 64 + x + i * 5;
        //    }
        //}
        if (fread(picture_buf, 1, y_size * 3 / 2, inFile) <= 0) {
            printf("Failed to read raw data! \n");
            return -1;
        }
        else if (feof(inFile)) {
            break;
        }
        frame->data[0] = picture_buf;              // Y
        frame->data[1] = picture_buf + y_size;      // U 
        frame->data[2] = picture_buf + y_size * 5 / 4;      //
        frame->pts = i;

        /* encode the image */
        encode(c, frame, pkt, f);
    }

    /* flush the encoder */
    encode(c, NULL, pkt, f);

    /* Add sequence end code to have a real MPEG file.
       It makes only sense because this tiny examples writes packets
       directly. This is called "elementary stream" and only works for some
       codecs. To create a valid file, you usually need to write packets
       into a proper file format or protocol; see muxing.c.
     */
    if (codec->id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO || codec->id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO)
        fwrite(endcode, 1, sizeof(endcode), f);
    fclose(f);
    fclose(inFile);
    av_free(picture_buf);

    sws_freeContext(img_convert_ctx);
    avcodec_free_context(&c);
    av_frame_free(&frame);
    av_packet_free(&pkt);

    return 0;
}

注意：如果最后输出的视频是花的，需要修改width、height为对应的值。