Room (一) 基础

1. 使用 Room 数据库，添加引用库

dependencies {
    //https://developer.android.google.cn/jetpack/androidx/releases/room
    def room_version = "2.4.3"
    implementation "androidx.room:room-runtime:$room_version"
    annotationProcessor "androidx.room:room-compiler:$room_version"
}

2. 搭建布局 activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.6" />

    <ScrollView
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline2"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/textView"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="TextView"
            android:textSize="24sp" />
    </ScrollView>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bt_insert"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="insert"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/bt_update"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.5"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline2"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.2" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bt_update"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="update"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/bt_insert"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.5"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/bt_insert"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/bt_insert" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bt_clear"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Clear"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/bt_delete"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.5"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/bt_insert" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bt_delete"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="delete"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/bt_clear"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.5"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/bt_clear"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/bt_clear" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

3. 创建实体类 Word.java

@Entity
public class Word {
    @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
    private int id; //主键
    @ColumnInfo(name = "english_word")
    private String word;
    @ColumnInfo(name = "chinese_meaning")
    private String chineseMeaning;

    public Word() {
    }

    public Word(String word, String chineseMeaning) {
        this.word = word;
        this.chineseMeaning = chineseMeaning;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getWord() {
        return word;
    }

    public void setWord(String word) {
        this.word = word;
    }

    public String getChineseMeaning() {
        return chineseMeaning;
    }

    public void setChineseMeaning(String chineseMeaning) {
        this.chineseMeaning = chineseMeaning;
    }
}

4. 创建调用接口

@Dao //Database access object
public interface WordDao {
    @Insert
    void insertWords(Word... words);

    @Update
    void updateWords(Word... words);

    @Delete
    void deleteWords(Word... words);

    @Query("DELETE FROM WORD")
    void deleteAllWords();

    @Query("SELECT * FROM WORD ORDER BY ID DESC")
    List<Word> getAllWords();
}

5. 实现抽象类

@Database(entities = {Word.class}, version = 1, exportSchema = false)
public abstract class WordDatabase extends RoomDatabase {
    public abstract WordDao getWordDao();
}

6. 调用测试 MainActivity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    WordDatabase wordDatabase;
    WordDao wordDao;
    TextView textView;
    Button btInsert, btUpdate, btDelete, btClear;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        textView = findViewById(R.id.textView);
        wordDatabase = Room.databaseBuilder(this, WordDatabase.class, "word_database")
                .allowMainThreadQueries()
                .build();
        wordDao = wordDatabase.getWordDao();
        updateView();
        
        View.OnClickListener listener = new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                switch (view.getId()) {
                    case R.id.bt_insert:
                        Word word1 = new Word("Hello", "你好!");
                        Word word2 = new Word("World", "世界!");
                        wordDao.insertWords(word1, word2);
                        break;
                    case R.id.bt_clear:
                        wordDao.deleteAllWords();
                        break;
                    case R.id.bt_update:
                        Word word = new Word("Hi", "嗨");
                        word.setId(3);
                        wordDao.updateWords(word);
                        break;
                    case R.id.bt_delete:
                        Word word_d = new Word();
                        word_d.setId(12);
                        wordDao.deleteWords(word_d);
                        break;
                }
                updateView();
            }
        };

        btInsert = findViewById(R.id.bt_insert);
        btClear = findViewById(R.id.bt_clear);
        btUpdate = findViewById(R.id.bt_update);
        btDelete = findViewById(R.id.bt_delete);
        btDelete.setOnClickListener(listener);
        btInsert.setOnClickListener(listener);
        btClear.setOnClickListener(listener);
        btUpdate.setOnClickListener(listener);
    }

    void updateView() {
        List<Word> list = wordDao.getAllWords();
        String text = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
            Word word = list.get(i);
            text += word.getId() + ":" + word.getWord() + "=" + word.getChineseMeaning() + "\n";
        }
        textView.setText(text);
    }
}

7. 存储数据文件及路径，Device File Explorer -> data -> data -> com.xx.xx(项目包名) -> databases, 三个文件 word_database, word_database-shm, word_database-wal .

8. 效果图