序列化（一）Serializable

1. java中的类，运行在 jvm 虚拟器中，使用方便

2. 创建 Student 类，实现 Serializable，Student.java

//transient 注释字段不需要序列化
// 添加版本号 保证添加字段时，从文件读取二进制数据转换时获得数据
public class Student implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 66558751374234785L;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Score score;
    private int foo;

    public Student(String name, int age, Score score) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.score = score;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public Score getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", score=" + score +
                '}';
    }
}

class Score implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -7355990036670061294L;
    private int math;
    private int english;
    private int chinese;
    private String grade;

    public Score(int math, int english, int chinese) {
        this.math = math;
        this.english = english;
        this.chinese = chinese;
        if (math >= 90 && english >= 90 && chinese >= 90) {
            this.grade = "A";
        } else if (math >= 80 && english >= 80 && chinese >= 80) {
            this.grade = "B";
        } else {
            this.grade = "C";
        }
    }

    public int getMath() {
        return math;
    }

    public int getEnglish() {
        return english;
    }

    public int getChinese() {
        return chinese;
    }

    public String getGrade() {
        return grade;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Score{" +
                "math=" + math +
                ", english=" + english +
                ", chinese=" + chinese +
                ", grade='" + grade + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

3. 测试调用

  3.1 mian_activity.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.05" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline3"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.45" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/et_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:ems="10"
        android:hint="Name"
        android:inputType="textPersonName"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/et_age"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@+id/et_age"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/et_age"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/et_age"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:ems="10"
        android:hint="Age"
        android:inputType="number"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/et_math"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@+id/et_math"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/et_math"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/et_name" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/et_math"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:ems="10"
        android:hint="Math"
        android:inputType="number"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/et_english"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@+id/et_english"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/et_english"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/et_age" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/et_english"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:ems="10"
        android:hint="English"
        android:inputType="number"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/et_chinese"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@+id/et_chinese"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/et_chinese"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/et_math" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/et_chinese"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
        android:ems="10"
        android:hint="Chinese"
        android:inputType="number"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline3"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/guideline2"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/et_english" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_save"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Save"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/btn_load"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@+id/btn_load"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/btn_load"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/et_english" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_load"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Load"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/et_chinese"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/et_chinese"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/btn_save" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_grade"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="-"
        android:textSize="80sp"
        android:textStyle="bold"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/btn_save"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/et_age"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

  3.2 MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private EditText etName, etAge, etMath, etEnglish, etChinese;
    private Button btSave, btLoad;
    private TextView tvGrade;
    private static final String FILE_NAME = "MyFile.data";
    private String TAG = "MyTag";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        etName = findViewById(R.id.et_name);
        etAge = findViewById(R.id.et_age);
        etMath = findViewById(R.id.et_math);
        etEnglish = findViewById(R.id.et_english);
        etChinese = findViewById(R.id.et_chinese);
        btSave = findViewById(R.id.btn_save);
        btLoad = findViewById(R.id.btn_load);
        tvGrade = findViewById(R.id.tv_grade);

        btSave.setOnClickListener(view -> {
            int math = Integer.parseInt(etMath.getText().toString().trim());
            int english = Integer.parseInt(etEnglish.getText().toString().trim());
            int chinese = Integer.parseInt(etChinese.getText().toString().trim());
            Score score = new Score(math, english, chinese);
            String name = etName.getText().toString().trim();
            int age = Integer.parseInt(etAge.getText().toString().trim());
            Student student = new Student(name, age, score);
            try {
                ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(openFileOutput(FILE_NAME, MODE_PRIVATE));
                objectOutputStream.writeObject(student);
                objectOutputStream.flush();
                objectOutputStream.close();
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Sava data!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                etName.getText().clear();
                etAge.getText().clear();
                etMath.getText().clear();
                etEnglish.getText().clear();
                etChinese.getText().clear();
                tvGrade.setText("-");
            } catch (IOException e) {
                Log.e(TAG, "onClick Save", e);
            }
        });

        btLoad.setOnClickListener(view -> {
            try {
                ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(openFileInput(FILE_NAME));
                Student student = (Student) objectInputStream.readObject();
                etName.setText(student.getName());
                etAge.setText(String.valueOf(student.getAge()));
                etMath.setText(String.valueOf(student.getScore().getMath()));
                etChinese.setText(String.valueOf(student.getScore().getEnglish()));
                etEnglish.setText(String.valueOf(student.getScore().getChinese()));
                tvGrade.setText(student.getScore().getGrade());
                Log.i(TAG, student.toString());
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Load data!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            } catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                Log.e(TAG, "onClick Load", e);
            }
        });
    }
}

4. 效果图