Python学习_04Python的数据类型（二）



Python学习_04Python的数据类型（二）

接上节课内容

json在线解析及格式化验证：http://www.json.cn/

• 3、字典dict
  

字典是另一种可变容器模型，且可存储任意类型对象。

字典的每个键值 key=>value 对用冒号 : 分割，每个键值对之间用逗号 , 分割，整个字典包括在花括号 {} 中 ,格式如下所示：

d = { "name" : "xiexiaolong" , "age" : 19 , "address" : "shengzheng" , "gender" : "man" };

a = dict ( a = 1 , b = 2 )

字典的常用方法：

1>get (k)   返回key所对应的value值

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# @Time : 2018\4\1 0001 16:34

# @Author : xiexiaolong

# @File : 0401.py

d = { "name" : "xiexiaolong" , "age" : 19 , "address" : "shengzheng" , "gender" : "man" };

a = dict ( a = 1 , b = 2 )

print (d.get( "name" ))

返回结果:

D:\python\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/python/0401.py

xiexiaolong

Process finished with exit code 0

2>  setdefault(k,v) 如果key不存在，则设置一个默认值v，并返回v，如果key存在，则返回对应的key

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# @Time : 2018\4\1 0001 16:34

# @Author : xiexiaolong

# @File : 0401.py

d = { "name" : "xiexiaolong" , "age" : 19 , "address" : "shengzheng" , "gender" : "man" };

a = dict ( a = 1 , b = 2 )

print (d.get( "name" ))

print (d.setdefault( "name" , "rrrr" ));

print (d.setdefault( "ttt" , 4567 ))

返回结果;

D:\python\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/python/0401.py

xiexiaolong

xiexiaolong

4567

Process finished with exit code 0

3> keys()、values()     获取所有的keys，获取所有的values

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# @Time : 2018\4\1 0001 16:34

# @Author : xiexiaolong

# @File : 0401.py

d = { "name" : "xiexiaolong" , "age" : 19 , "address" : "shengzheng" , "gender" : "man" };

a = dict ( a = 1 , b = 2 )

print (d.keys());

print (d.values())

返回结果

D:\python\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/python/0401.py

dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'address', 'gender'])

dict_values(['xiexiaolong', 19, 'shengzheng', 'man'])

Process finished with exit code 0

4>     items() (python2中iteritems同python3中的items，2中的items一次性返回所有的keys和values，3中的items返回一个对象)  列表返回可遍历的(键, 值) 元组数组。

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# @Time : 2018\4\1 0001 16:34

# @Author : xiexiaolong

# @File : 0401.py

d = { "name" : "xiexiaolong" , "age" : 19 , "address" : "shengzheng" , "gender" : "man" };

a = dict ( a = 1 , b = 2 )

for i,j in d.items():

print (i,j)

返回结果：

D:\python\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/python/0401.py

name xiexiaolong

age 19

address shengzheng

gender man

Process finished with exit code 0

5>      update()  把a字典的keys、values更新到b字典中

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# @Time : 2018\4\1 0001 16:34

# @Author : xiexiaolong

# @File : 0401.py

d = { "name" : "xiexiaolong" , "age" : 19 , "address" : "shengzheng" , "gender" : "man" };

a = dict ( a = 1 , b = 2 )

m = dict ()

m.update(d)

print (d);

print (m);

返回结果：

D:\python\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/python/0401.py

{'name': 'xiexiaolong', 'age': 19, 'address': 'shengzheng', 'gender': 'man'}

{'name': 'xiexiaolong', 'age': 19, 'address': 'shengzheng', 'gender': 'man'}

Process finished with exit code 0

6>     pop(k) 删除k：v对应的元素，返回删除的value;

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# @Time : 2018\4\1 0001 16:34

# @Author : xiexiaolong

# @File : 0401.py

d = { "name" : "xiexiaolong" , "age" : 19 , "address" : "shengzheng" , "gender" : "man" };

a = dict ( a = 1 , b = 2 )

print (d)

print (d.pop( "age" ));

print (d)

返回结果：

D:\python\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/python/0401.py

{'name': 'xiexiaolong', 'age': 19, 'address': 'shengzheng', 'gender': 'man'}

19

{'name': 'xiexiaolong', 'address': 'shengzheng', 'gender': 'man'}

Process finished with exit code 0

7> zip(l1,l2)  高阶函数

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# @Time : 2018\4\1 0001 16:34

# @Author : xiexiaolong

# @File : 0401.py

d = { "name" : "xiexiaolong" , "age" : 19 , "address" : "shengzheng" , "gender" : "man" };

l1 = [ "a" , "b" , "c" , "d" ]

l2 = [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]

print ( dict ( zip (l1, l2)))

返回结果：

D:\python\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/python/0401.py

{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}

Process finished with exit code 0