php设计模式入门-观察者模式

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-10 14:41:29 发布

dongxie548

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-10 14:41:29 发布

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分类专栏：设计模式与原则文章标签：设计模式 php uml 观察者模式

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u011250882/article/details/45013989

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场景：一个气象站点，当温度、湿度或气压发生改变时都要像订阅了该气象服务的用户推送提醒，假设用户拥有三种电子产品：mac、iphone和apple watch。

第一版的设计代码如下：

WeatherData.php

<?php
/**
 * 气象站类，用于提供气象数据，数据变化时及时推送至用户的设备
 * 
 * @author ben
 *
 */
class WeatherData{
	/**
	 * 气温
	 * @var string
	 */
	private $_temperature;
	/**
	 * 气压
	 * @var string
	 */
	private $_pressure;
	/**
	 * 湿度
	 * @var string
	 */
	private $_humidity;
	/**
	 * 用户设备之mac
	 * @var object
	 */
	private $_mac;
	/**
	 * 用户设备之iphone
	 * @var object
	 */
	private $_iphone;
	/**
	 * 用户设备之watch（壕啊，咱们做朋友吧。。。）
	 * @var object
	 */
	private $_iwatch;
	
	/**
	 * 初始化用户设备
	 * @param object $mac
	 * @param object $iphone
	 * @param object $iwatch
	 */
	public function __construct($mac, $iphone, $iwatch){
		$this->_mac = $mac;
		$this->_iphone = $iphone;
		$this->_iwatch = $iwatch;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 当数据变更时向用户推送即时数据
	 */
	public function dataChanged(){
		$this->_temperature = $this->getTemperature();
		$this->_humidity = $this->getHumidity();
		$this->_pressure = $this->getPressure();
		
		$this->_mac->update($this->_humidity, $this->_temperature, $this->_pressure);
		$this->_iphone->update($this->_humidity, $this->_temperature, $this->_pressure);
		$this->_iwatch->update($this->_humidity, $this->_temperature, $this->_pressure);
	}
}

代码的坏味道：

气象站类WeatherData与用户的设备类mac、iphone、iwatch类之间存在着强耦合关系，而真实的场景中用户可能随时会取消业务，或者为新的电子产品订阅该业务，这就意味着我们今后将会频繁的修改这个文件中的代码。

下面我们来看看观察者模式是怎么为我们解决这个难题的。

要理解观察者模式，可以结合真实的案例，比如说订阅报纸，仔细想想在这样的场景中存在哪几种元素：

1、报纸的发布者；

2、报纸的订阅者；

发布者与订阅者组成了观察者的两个基本要素。具体用uml类图描述如下：

具体的实现代码：

Subject.php

<?php
abstract class Subject{
	protected $observers;
	public function addObserver($key, Equipment $observer){
		$this->observers[$key] = $observer;
	}
	
	public function removeObserver($key){
		if(isset($this->observers[$key])){
			unset($this->observers[$key]);
		}
	}
	
	abstract function notify();
// 		foreach ($this->observer as $observer){
// 			$observer->update();
// 		}
}

Equipment.php

<?php
abstract class Equipment{
	abstract function update($temperature, $pressure, $humidity);
	abstract function display();
}

WeatherData.php

<?php
require_once 'Subject.php';
class WeatherData extends Subject{
	private $_temperature;
	private $_pressure;
	private $_humidity;
	
	/* (non-PHPdoc)
	 * @see Subject::notify()
	 */
	public function notify() {
		foreach ($this->observers as $observer){
			$observer->update($this->_temperature, $this->_pressure, $this->_humidity);
		}
	}
	
	public function dataChange($temperature, $pressure, $humidity){
		$this->_temperature = $temperature;
		$this->_pressure = $pressure;
		$this->_humidity = $humidity;
		
		$this->notify();
	}
	
	
}

Mac.php

<?php
require_once 'Equipment.php';
class Mac extends Equipment{
	private $_temperature;
	private $_pressure;
	private $_humidity;
	/* (non-PHPdoc)
	 * @see Equipment::update()
	 */
	public function update($temperature, $pressure, $humidity) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		$this->_temperature = $temperature;
		$this->_pressure = $pressure;
		$this->_humidity = $humidity;
		
		$this->display();
	}
	/* (non-PHPdoc)
	 * @see Equipment::display()
	 */
	public function display() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		echo "Current conditions:<br />
				temperature:$this->_temperature;<br />
				pressure:$this->_pressure;<br />
				humidity:$this->_humidity;<br />
				    --From Mac client<br />";
	}
}

Iwatch.php

<?php
require_once 'Equipment.php';
class Iwatch extends Equipment{
	private $_temperature;
	private $_pressure;
	private $_humidity;
	/* (non-PHPdoc)
	 * @see Equipment::update()
	 */
	public function update($temperature, $pressure, $humidity) {
		// TODO: Auto-generated method stub
		$this->_temperature = $temperature;
		$this->_pressure = $pressure;
		$this->_humidity = $humidity;
		
		$this->display();
	}
	/* (non-PHPdoc)
	 * @see Equipment::display()
	 */
	public function display() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		echo "Current conditions:<br />
				temperature:$this->_temperature;<br />
				pressure:$this->_pressure;<br />
				humidity:$this->_humidity;<br />
				    --From Iwatch client<br />";
	}

}

Iphone.php

<?php
require_once 'Equipment.php';
class Iphone extends Equipment{
	private $_temperature;
	private $_pressure;
	private $_humidity;
	/* (non-PHPdoc)
	 * @see Equipment::update()
	 */
	public function update($temperature, $pressure, $humidity) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		$this->_temperature = $temperature;
		$this->_pressure = $pressure;
		$this->_humidity = $humidity;
		
		$this->display();
	}
	/* (non-PHPdoc)
	 * @see Equipment::display()
	 */
	public function display() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		echo "Current conditions:<br />
				temperature:$this->_temperature;<br />
				pressure:$this->_pressure;<br />
				humidity:$this->_humidity;<br />
				    --From Iphone client<br />";
	}


	
}

index.php

<?php
require_once 'WeatherData.php';
require_once 'Iwatch.php';
require_once 'Iphone.php';
require_once 'Mac.php';

$subject = new WeatherData();
$observer1 = new Iwatch();
$observer2 = new Iphone();
$observer3 = new Mac();
$subject->addObserver('Iwatch', $observer1);
$subject->addObserver('Iphone', $observer2);
$subject->addObserver('Mac', $observer3);

$subject->dataChange('38摄氏度', '气压好高啊', '很湿润');

运行结果是：

Current conditions:
temperature:38摄氏度;
pressure:气压好高啊;
humidity:很湿润;
    --From Iwatch client
Current conditions:
temperature:38摄氏度;
pressure:气压好高啊;
humidity:很湿润;
    --From Iphone client
Current conditions:
temperature:38摄氏度;
pressure:气压好高啊;
humidity:很湿润;
    --From Mac client

当然php已经帮我们准备好了两个接口，我们没有必要重造轮子，这两个接口分别是SplObserver和SplSubject，关于这两个接口的定义，可以查看以下官方文档：

SplObserver：http://php.net/manual/zh/class.splobserver.php

SplSubject：http://php.net/manual/zh/class.splsubject.php

使用这两个接口之后我们进一步修改后的代码清单如下：

index.php

<?php
require_once 'WeatherData.php';
require_once 'Iwatch.php';
require_once 'Iphone.php';
require_once 'Mac.php';

$subject = new WeatherData();
$observer1 = new Iwatch();
$observer2 = new Iphone();
$observer3 = new Mac();
$subject->attach($observer1);
$subject->attach($observer2);
$subject->attach($observer3);

$subject->dataChange('38摄氏度', '气压好高啊', '很湿润');

Iphone.php

<?php
class Iphone implements SplObserver{
	private $_temperature;
	private $_pressure;
	private $_humidity;
	/* (non-PHPdoc)
	 * @see Equipment::update()
	 */
	public function update(SplSubject $subject) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		$this->_temperature = $subject->getTemperature();
		$this->_pressure = $subject->getPressure();
		$this->_humidity = $subject->getHumidity();
		
		$this->display();
	}
	/* (non-PHPdoc)
	 * @see Equipment::display()
	 */
	public function display() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		echo "Current conditions:<br />
				temperature:$this->_temperature;<br />
				pressure:$this->_pressure;<br />
				humidity:$this->_humidity;<br />
				    --From Iphone client<br />";
	}


	
}

Iwatch.php

<?php
class Iwatch implements SplObserver{
	private $_temperature;
	private $_pressure;
	private $_humidity;
	/* (non-PHPdoc)
	 * @see Equipment::update()
	 */
	public function update(SplSubject $subject) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		$this->_temperature = $subject->getTemperature();
		$this->_pressure = $subject->getPressure();
		$this->_humidity = $subject->getHumidity();
		
		$this->display();
	}
	/* (non-PHPdoc)
	 * @see Equipment::display()
	 */
	public function display() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		echo "Current conditions:<br />
				temperature:$this->_temperature;<br />
				pressure:$this->_pressure;<br />
				humidity:$this->_humidity;<br />
				    --From Iwatch client<br />";
	}

}

Mac.php

<?php
class Mac implements SplObserver{
	private $_temperature;
	private $_pressure;
	private $_humidity;
	/* (non-PHPdoc)
	 * @see Equipment::update()
	 */
	public function update(SplSubject $subject) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		$this->_temperature = $subject->getTemperature();
		$this->_pressure = $subject->getPressure();
		$this->_humidity = $subject->getHumidity();
		
		$this->display();
	}
	/* (non-PHPdoc)
	 * @see Equipment::display()
	 */
	public function display() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		echo "Current conditions:<br />
				temperature:$this->_temperature;<br />
				pressure:$this->_pressure;<br />
				humidity:$this->_humidity;<br />
				    --From Mac client<br />";
	}
}

WeatherData.php

<?php
class WeatherData implements SplSubject{
	protected $observers;
	private $_temperature;
	private $_pressure;
	private $_humidity;
	
	/* (non-PHPdoc)
	 * @see Subject::notify()
	 */
	public function notify() {
		foreach ($this->observers as $observer){
			$observer->update($this);
		}
	}
	
	public function dataChange($temperature, $pressure, $humidity){
		$this->_temperature = $temperature;
		$this->_pressure = $pressure;
		$this->_humidity = $humidity;
		
		$this->notify();
	}
	
	public function getTemperature(){
		return $this->_temperature;
	}
	
	public function getPressure(){
		return $this->_pressure;
	}
	
	public function getHumidity(){
		return $this->_humidity;
	}
	/* (non-PHPdoc)
	 * @see SplSubject::attach()
	 */
	public function attach(SplObserver $observer) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		$this->observers[] = $observer;		
	}

	/* (non-PHPdoc)
	 * @see SplSubject::detach()
	 */
	public function detach(SplObserver $observer) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		$key = array_search($observer, $this->observers, true);
		if($key){
			unset($this->observers[$key]);
		}
	}

	
	
}

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php设计模式入门-观察者模式

场景：一个气象站点，当温度、湿度或气压发生改变时都要像订阅了该气象服务的用户推送提醒，假设用户拥有三种电子产品：mac、iphone和apple watch。第一版的设计代码如下：WeatherData.php<?php/** * 气象站类，用于提供气象数据，数据变化时及时推送至用户的设备 * * @author ben * */class WeatherDat
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