本文深入探讨JsonPath作为从JSON文档中抽取信息的工具，详细比较了JsonPath与XPath的用法，并通过Java和JavaScript实例展示了如何使用JsonPath解析复杂的JSON数据结构。
原文出处：http://www.yund.tech/zdetail.html?type=1&id=c2b21696839eccdef2e9b085b9e064f6
作者: jstarseven
JsonPath 是一种信息抽取类库，是从JSON文档中抽取指定信息的工具，提供多种语言实现版本，包括：Javascript, Python， PHP 和 Java，JsonPath 对于 JSON 来说，相当于 XPATH 对于 XML。
- JsonPath与Xpath用法对比
- Java使用Jsonpath解析json数据
- Js获取Json每个节点的JsonPath
- 将输出结果转换成树形结构
1.JsonPath与Xpath用法对比
| XPath | JSONPath | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
| / | $ | 根节点 |
| . | @ | 现行节点 |
| / | .or[] | 取子节点 |
| … | n/a | 取父节点，Jsonpath未支持 |
| // | … | 就是不管位置，选择所有符合条件的条件 |
| * | * | 匹配所有元素节点 |
| @ | n/a | 根据属性访问，Json不支持，因为Json是个Key-value递归结构，不需要。 |
| [] | [] | 迭代器标示（可以在里边做简单的迭代操作，如数组下标，根据内容选值等） |
| | | [,] | 支持迭代器中做多选。 |
| [] | ?() | 支持过滤操作. |
| n/a | () | 支持表达式计算 |
| () | n/a | 分组，JsonPath不支持 |
2.Java使用Jsonpath解析json数据
1）引入fastjson依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.6</version>
</dependency>
2）java简单的解析案例
public class JsonPath {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String jsonStr = "{\n" +
" \"store\": {\n" +
" \"book\": [\n" +
" {\n" +
" \"category\": \"reference\",\n" +
" \"author\": \"Nigel Rees\",\n" +
" \"title\": \"Sayings of the Century\",\n" +
" \"price\": 8.95\n" +
" },\n" +
" {\n" +
" \"category\": \"fiction\",\n" +
" \"author\": \"Evelyn Waugh\",\n" +
" \"title\": \"Sword of Honour\",\n" +
" \"price\": 12.99,\n" +
" \"isbn\": \"0-553-21311-3\"\n" +
" }\n" +
" {\n" +
" \"category\": \"fiction\",\n" +
" \"author\": \"Evelyn Waugh\",\n" +
" \"title\": \"Sword of Honour two\",\n" +
" \"price\": 12.99,\n" +
" \"isbn\": \"0-553-21311-3\"\n" +
" }\n" +
" ],\n" +
" \"bicycle\": {\n" +
" \"color\": \"red\",\n" +
" \"price\": 19.95\n" +
" }\n" +
" }\n" +
"}";
JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(jsonStr);
System.out.println("Book：" + JSONPath.eval(jsonObject, "$.store.book"));
System.out.println("Book数目：" + JSONPath.eval(jsonObject, "$.store.book.size()"));
System.out.println("第一本书title：" + JSONPath.eval(jsonObject, "$.store.book[0].title"));
System.out.println("price大于10元的book：" + JSONPath.eval(jsonObject, "$.store.book[price > 10]"));
System.out.println("price大于10元的title：" + JSONPath.eval(jsonObject, "$.store.book[price > 10][0].title"));
System.out.println("price大于10元的title：" + JSONPath.eval(jsonObject, "$.store.book[price > 10][1].title"));
System.out.println("category(类别)为fiction(小说)的book：" + JSONPath.eval(jsonObject, "$.store.book[category = 'fiction']"));
System.out.println("bicycle的所有属性值" + JSONPath.eval(jsonObject, "$.store.bicycle.*"));
System.out.println("bicycle的color和price属性值" + JSONPath.eval(jsonObject, "$.store.bicycle['color','price']"));
}
3.Js获取Json每个节点的JsonPath
1）准备json测试数据
var root = {
name: '测试节点',
doms: {
name: "dom测试",
children: [
{
name: '茶馆',
val: 'demo',
child: [
{"name": "李四", "cal": "ceshi"}, {"name": "王五", "cal": "ceshi"}
]
},
{
name: '红与黑',
val: 'demo',
child: [
{"name": "张三", "cal": "ceshi"}, {"name": "张三", "cal": "ceshi"}
]
}
]
},
children: [
{
name: '学习',
children: []
},
{
name: '电影',
children: [
{
name: '喜剧电影'
},
{
name: '动作电影'
}
]
}
]
}
2）遍历Json对象获取每个节点的深度与JsonPath
function traverseTree(node, flat) {
var stack = [], res = [];
if (!node) return;
stack.push({"dom": node, "dep": 0, "path": "$", "name": "根节点"});
var tmpNode;
while (stack.length > 0) {
tmpNode = stack.pop();
res.push({
"name": tmpNode.name,
"pid": tmpNode.pid,
"path": tmpNode.path,
"dep": tmpNode.dep
});
traverseNode2(tmpNode, tmpNode.dep);
}
// 遍历单个节点
function traverseNode2(node, dep) {
var doc = node.dom;
if (Object.prototype.toString.call(doc) === '[object Object]') {
for (var val in doc) {
var cpath = (node.path + "." + val);
stack.push({
"dom": doc[val],
"dep": (dep + 1),
"path": cpath,
"pid": node.path,
"name": val
});
}
}
if (Object.prototype.toString.call(doc) === '[object Array]') {
for (let i = 0; i < doc.length; i++) {
stack.push({
"dom": doc[i],
"dep": (dep + 1),
"path": (node.path + "[" + i + "]"),
"pid": node.path,
"name": node.name + "[" + i + "]"
});
}
}
}
// 树形结构转换
function flat2tree(jsonData) {
var result = [], temp = {}, i = 0, j = 0, len = jsonData.length;
for (; i < len; i++)
temp[jsonData[i]['path']] = jsonData[i]
for (; j < len; j++) {
var cel = jsonData[j]
var tcel = temp[cel['pid']]
if (tcel) {
if (!tcel['children']) {
tcel['children'] = [];
}
tcel['children'].push(cel)
} else {
result.push(cel);
}
}
return result;
}
return flat ? flat2tree(res) : res;
}
3）测试输出
console.log("res-tree:\n" + JSON.stringify(traverseTree(root, false)));
res-tree:
[
{
"name":"根节点",
"path":"$",
"dep":0
},
{
"name":"children",
"pid":"$",
"path":"$.children",
"dep":1
},
{
"name":"children[1]",
"pid":"$.children",
"path":"$.children[1]",
"dep":2
},
{
"name":"children",
"pid":"$.children[1]",
"path":"$.children[1].children",
"dep":3
},
{
"name":"children[1]",
"pid":"$.children[1].children",
"path":"$.children[1].children[1]",
"dep":4
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.children[1].children[1]",
"path":"$.children[1].children[1].name",
"dep":5
},
{
"name":"children[0]",
"pid":"$.children[1].children",
"path":"$.children[1].children[0]",
"dep":4
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.children[1].children[0]",
"path":"$.children[1].children[0].name",
"dep":5
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.children[1]",
"path":"$.children[1].name",
"dep":3
},
{
"name":"children[0]",
"pid":"$.children",
"path":"$.children[0]",
"dep":2
},
{
"name":"children",
"pid":"$.children[0]",
"path":"$.children[0].children",
"dep":3
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.children[0]",
"path":"$.children[0].name",
"dep":3
},
{
"name":"doms",
"pid":"$",
"path":"$.doms",
"dep":1
},
{
"name":"children",
"pid":"$.doms",
"path":"$.doms.children",
"dep":2
},
{
"name":"children[1]",
"pid":"$.doms.children",
"path":"$.doms.children[1]",
"dep":3
},
{
"name":"child",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1]",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].child",
"dep":4
},
{
"name":"child[1]",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1].child",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].child[1]",
"dep":5
},
{
"name":"cal",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1].child[1]",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].child[1].cal",
"dep":6
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1].child[1]",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].child[1].name",
"dep":6
},
{
"name":"child[0]",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1].child",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].child[0]",
"dep":5
},
{
"name":"cal",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1].child[0]",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].child[0].cal",
"dep":6
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1].child[0]",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].child[0].name",
"dep":6
},
{
"name":"val",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1]",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].val",
"dep":4
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1]",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].name",
"dep":4
},
{
"name":"children[0]",
"pid":"$.doms.children",
"path":"$.doms.children[0]",
"dep":3
},
{
"name":"child",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0]",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].child",
"dep":4
},
{
"name":"child[1]",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0].child",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].child[1]",
"dep":5
},
{
"name":"cal",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0].child[1]",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].child[1].cal",
"dep":6
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0].child[1]",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].child[1].name",
"dep":6
},
{
"name":"child[0]",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0].child",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].child[0]",
"dep":5
},
{
"name":"cal",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0].child[0]",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].child[0].cal",
"dep":6
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0].child[0]",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].child[0].name",
"dep":6
},
{
"name":"val",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0]",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].val",
"dep":4
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0]",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].name",
"dep":4
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.doms",
"path":"$.doms.name",
"dep":2
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$",
"path":"$.name",
"dep":1
}
]
4.将输出结果转换成树形结构
console.log("res-tree:\n" + JSON.stringify(traverseTree(root, true)));
res-tree:
[
{
"name":"根节点",
"path":"$",
"dep":0,
"children":[
{
"name":"children",
"pid":"$",
"path":"$.children",
"dep":1,
"children":[
{
"name":"children[1]",
"pid":"$.children",
"path":"$.children[1]",
"dep":2,
"children":[
{
"name":"children",
"pid":"$.children[1]",
"path":"$.children[1].children",
"dep":3,
"children":[
{
"name":"children[1]",
"pid":"$.children[1].children",
"path":"$.children[1].children[1]",
"dep":4,
"children":[
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.children[1].children[1]",
"path":"$.children[1].children[1].name",
"dep":5
}
]
},
{
"name":"children[0]",
"pid":"$.children[1].children",
"path":"$.children[1].children[0]",
"dep":4,
"children":[
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.children[1].children[0]",
"path":"$.children[1].children[0].name",
"dep":5
}
]
}
]
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.children[1]",
"path":"$.children[1].name",
"dep":3
}
]
},
{
"name":"children[0]",
"pid":"$.children",
"path":"$.children[0]",
"dep":2,
"children":[
{
"name":"children",
"pid":"$.children[0]",
"path":"$.children[0].children",
"dep":3
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.children[0]",
"path":"$.children[0].name",
"dep":3
}
]
}
]
},
{
"name":"doms",
"pid":"$",
"path":"$.doms",
"dep":1,
"children":[
{
"name":"children",
"pid":"$.doms",
"path":"$.doms.children",
"dep":2,
"children":[
{
"name":"children[1]",
"pid":"$.doms.children",
"path":"$.doms.children[1]",
"dep":3,
"children":[
{
"name":"child",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1]",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].child",
"dep":4,
"children":[
{
"name":"child[1]",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1].child",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].child[1]",
"dep":5,
"children":[
{
"name":"cal",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1].child[1]",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].child[1].cal",
"dep":6
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1].child[1]",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].child[1].name",
"dep":6
}
]
},
{
"name":"child[0]",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1].child",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].child[0]",
"dep":5,
"children":[
{
"name":"cal",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1].child[0]",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].child[0].cal",
"dep":6
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1].child[0]",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].child[0].name",
"dep":6
}
]
}
]
},
{
"name":"val",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1]",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].val",
"dep":4
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.doms.children[1]",
"path":"$.doms.children[1].name",
"dep":4
}
]
},
{
"name":"children[0]",
"pid":"$.doms.children",
"path":"$.doms.children[0]",
"dep":3,
"children":[
{
"name":"child",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0]",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].child",
"dep":4,
"children":[
{
"name":"child[1]",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0].child",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].child[1]",
"dep":5,
"children":[
{
"name":"cal",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0].child[1]",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].child[1].cal",
"dep":6
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0].child[1]",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].child[1].name",
"dep":6
}
]
},
{
"name":"child[0]",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0].child",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].child[0]",
"dep":5,
"children":[
{
"name":"cal",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0].child[0]",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].child[0].cal",
"dep":6
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0].child[0]",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].child[0].name",
"dep":6
}
]
}
]
},
{
"name":"val",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0]",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].val",
"dep":4
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.doms.children[0]",
"path":"$.doms.children[0].name",
"dep":4
}
]
}
]
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$.doms",
"path":"$.doms.name",
"dep":2
}
]
},
{
"name":"name",
"pid":"$",
"path":"$.name",
"dep":1
}
]
}
]
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