实例名
Oracle11.2之前,一个节点上可以有超过一个的ASM实例,不过Oralce不支持,专家也不推荐。从Oracle11.2开始,一个节点上只能有一个ASM实例。ASM实例默认命名规则:+ASM<nodeNumber>,比如+ASM1,+ASM2等。管理员可以自定义ASM的实例名,不过一般没这个必要。在Oracle11.2,实例名可以用如下命令查询:
注:所有实际操作都是本地虚拟机里进行,非原书例子输出
[oracle@ol5-112-rac1 ~]$ crsctl stat res ora.asm -p
NAME=ora.asm
TYPE=ora.asm.type
[...]
GEN_USR_ORA_INST_NAME@SERVERNAME(ol5-112-rac1)=+ASM1
GEN_USR_ORA_INST_NAME@SERVERNAME(ol5-112-rac2)=+ASM2
SGA
ASM实例有自己的SGA。Oracle11.2ASM实例中增加了许多后台进程。ASM默认使用自动内存管理(Automatic Memory management)。Oracle推荐保持这个默认设置,当然如果您有特殊的要求也可以修改该配置,比如使用10g中的ASMM都是可能的。如果您要这么做,最好是参看Oracle® Database Storage Administrator’s Guide 11g Release 2来设置实例的内存参数。
ASM实例默认的memory_target设置已经可以满足绝大多数环境的需求(大概272MB)。可以查询(G)V$MEMORY_DYNAMIC_COMPONENTS:
SQL> select component,current_size,min_size,max_size
2 from V$MEMORY_DYNAMIC_COMPONENTS
3 where current_size <> 0
4 /
COMPONENT CURRENT_SIZE MIN_SIZE MAX_SIZE
------------------------- ------------ ---------- ----------
shared pool 130023424 130023424 130023424
large pool 12582912 12582912 12582912
SGA Target 176160768 176160768 176160768
PGA Target 109051904 109051904 109051904
ASM Buffer Cache 25165824 25165824 25165824
SQL> select (176160768+109051904)/1024/1024 as Total_MB from dual;
TOTAL_MB
----------
272
后台进程
我们已经提过ASM就是一种特殊的RDBMS实例,所以RDBMS实例里的后台进程,大多能在ASM实例里找到。在单实例的Oracle Restart环境中,ASM实例拥有PMON,SMON, DBW0,LGWR CKPT,MMAN等进程。在集群环境中,又增加了LMON, LMDO, LMSO, LCKO, and DIAG等进程对集群提供支持。
SQL> select name,description
2 from v$bgprocess
3 where paddr <> '00';
NAME DESCRIPTION
----- ----------------------------------------------------------------
PMON process cleanup
VKTM Virtual Keeper of TiMe process
GEN0 generic0
DIAG diagnosibility process
PING interconnect latency measurement
PSP0 process spawner 0
DIA0 diagnosibility process 0
LMON global enqueue service monitor
LMD0 global enqueue service daemon 0
LMS0 global cache service process 0
LMHB lm heartbeat monitor
MMAN Memory Manager
DBW0 db writer process 0
LGWR Redo etc.
LCK0 Lock Process 0
CKPT checkpoint
SMON System Monitor Process
RBAL ASM Rebalance master
ASMB ASM Background
GMON diskgroup monitor
MMON Manageability Monitor Process
MMNL Manageability Monitor Process 2
22 rows selected.