使用Spring Boot集成Elasticsearch

使用Spring Boot集成Elasticsearch

大家好，我是微赚淘客系统3.0的小编，是个冬天不穿秋裤，天冷也要风度的程序猿！

Elasticsearch是一个分布式搜索和分析引擎，特别适用于处理海量数据。本文将详细介绍如何在Spring Boot项目中集成Elasticsearch，包括环境配置、基本CRUD操作和常见问题的解决方法。

1. 创建Spring Boot项目

首先，创建一个Spring Boot项目，选择以下依赖项：

• Spring Web
• Spring Data Elasticsearch

项目创建完成后，项目结构如下：

src/
|-- main/
|   |-- java/
|   |   `-- cn/
|   |       `-- juwatech/
|   |           `-- elasticsearch/
|   |               |-- ElasticsearchApplication.java
|   |               `-- controller/
|   |                   `-- ProductController.java
|   |               `-- model/
|   |                   `-- Product.java
|   |               `-- repository/
|   |                   `-- ProductRepository.java
|   `-- resources/
|       |-- application.properties

2. 配置Elasticsearch

在application.properties文件中，添加Elasticsearch的配置：

spring.elasticsearch.rest.uris=http://localhost:9200
spring.elasticsearch.username=elastic
spring.elasticsearch.password=your_password

3. 创建Product实体类

创建一个名为Product的实体类，并将其标记为Elasticsearch的文档：

package cn.juwatech.elasticsearch.model;

import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Document;

@Document(indexName = "products")
public class Product {

    @Id
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String description;
    private double price;

    // Getters and Setters
}

4. 创建ProductRepository接口

创建一个名为ProductRepository的接口，继承ElasticsearchRepository：

package cn.juwatech.elasticsearch.repository;

import cn.juwatech.elasticsearch.model.Product;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.ElasticsearchRepository;

public interface ProductRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<Product, String> {
}

5. 创建ProductController

创建一个名为ProductController的控制器，提供基本的CRUD操作：

package cn.juwatech.elasticsearch.controller;

import cn.juwatech.elasticsearch.model.Product;
import cn.juwatech.elasticsearch.repository.ProductRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.Optional;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/products")
public class ProductController {

    @Autowired
    private ProductRepository productRepository;

    @PostMapping
    public Product createProduct(@RequestBody Product product) {
        return productRepository.save(product);
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public Optional<Product> getProductById(@PathVariable String id) {
        return productRepository.findById(id);
    }

    @PutMapping("/{id}")
    public Product updateProduct(@PathVariable String id, @RequestBody Product product) {
        product.setId(id);
        return productRepository.save(product);
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public void deleteProduct(@PathVariable String id) {
        productRepository.deleteById(id);
    }

    @GetMapping
    public Iterable<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return productRepository.findAll();
    }
}

6. 启动类

创建主启动类ElasticsearchApplication：

package cn.juwatech.elasticsearch;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ElasticsearchApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ElasticsearchApplication.class, args);
    }
}

7. 运行和测试

启动Spring Boot应用程序，确保Elasticsearch服务器正在运行。你可以使用工具如Postman来测试API接口。

创建产品

POST /products
Content-Type: application/json
Body:
{
    "name": "Laptop",
    "description": "A high performance laptop",
    "price": 1200.0
}

获取产品

GET /products/{id}

更新产品

PUT /products/{id}
Content-Type: application/json
Body:
{
    "name": "Gaming Laptop",
    "description": "A high performance gaming laptop",
    "price": 1500.0
}

删除产品

DELETE /products/{id}

获取所有产品

GET /products

8. 常见问题解决

• 连接失败：检查application.properties中的Elasticsearch URL和凭据是否正确，确保Elasticsearch服务器正在运行。
• 索引不存在：在创建实体类时，确保@Document(indexName = "products")中的索引名称正确。你可以手动创建索引或让Spring Data Elasticsearch自动创建。

9. 完整代码示例

以下是整个项目的代码结构及内容：

application.properties

spring.elasticsearch.rest.uris=http://localhost:9200
spring.elasticsearch.username=elastic
spring.elasticsearch.password=your_password

Product.java

package cn.juwatech.elasticsearch.model;

import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Document;

@Document(indexName = "products")
public class Product {

    @Id
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String description;
    private double price;

    // Getters and Setters
}

ProductRepository.java

package cn.juwatech.elasticsearch.repository;

import cn.juwatech.elasticsearch.model.Product;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.ElasticsearchRepository;

public interface ProductRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<Product, String> {
}

ProductController.java

package cn.juwatech.elasticsearch.controller;

import cn.juwatech.elasticsearch.model.Product;
import cn.juwatech.elasticsearch.repository.ProductRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.Optional;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/products")
public class ProductController {

    @Autowired
    private ProductRepository productRepository;

    @PostMapping
    public Product createProduct(@RequestBody Product product) {
        return productRepository.save(product);
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public Optional<Product> getProductById(@PathVariable String id) {
        return productRepository.findById(id);
    }

    @PutMapping("/{id}")
    public Product updateProduct(@PathVariable String id, @RequestBody Product product) {
        product.setId(id);
        return productRepository.save(product);
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public void deleteProduct(@PathVariable String id) {
        productRepository.deleteById(id);
    }

    @GetMapping
    public Iterable<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return productRepository.findAll();
    }
}

ElasticsearchApplication.java

package cn.juwatech.elasticsearch;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ElasticsearchApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ElasticsearchApplication.class, args);
    }
}

通过以上步骤，我们成功地在Spring Boot项目中集成了Elasticsearch，并实现了基本的CRUD操作。通过这种方式，我们可以充分利用Elasticsearch的强大搜索和分析功能，为应用程序提供高效的数据处理能力。

著作权归聚娃科技微赚淘客系统开发者团队，转载请注明出处！