本文给出一个整合Maven+SpringMVC+SpringFOX+Swagger的示例,并且一步步给出完成步骤。
本人在做实例时发现 http://blog.csdn.net/zth1002/article/details/46927187 中,Spring必须是4.0以上版本。
目标
在做项目的时候,有时候需要提供其它平台(如业务平台)相关的HTTP接口,业务平台则通过开放的HTTP接口获取相关的内容,并完成自身业务~
提供对外开放HTTP API接口,比较常用的是采用Spring MVC来完成。
本文的目标是先搭建一个简单的Spring MVC应用,然后为Spring MVC整合SpringFox-Swagger以及SpringFox-Swagger-UI,最终,达到Spring MVC对外开放接口API文档化。
如下图所示:
搭建SpringMVC工程
新建Maven工程
Eclipse中,File --> New --> Maven Project,
点击“Next”按钮, 然后选择 “maven-archetype-webapp”,
继续点击“Next”按钮,然后指定
点击“Finish” 按钮结束~ 就这样,一个简单的Web工程就建好了~
但是,
默认是使用J2SE-1.5, 配置一下Build Path,使用本地机器上安装的JDK
(本文中使用的是JDK 1.7),工程默认字体是GBK,将其改成UTF-8
完成后,Maven工程的结构如下图所示:
引入Spring依赖包
在本示例中,因为简单,所以只要引入如下几个jar包就好了~
<dependencies>
<!--引入Spring依赖包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
完整的pom.xml文件内容如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.xxx.tutorial</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-demo</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springfox-swagger-demo Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<spring.framework.version>4.3.6.RELEASE</spring.framework.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--引入Spring依赖包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>springfox-swagger-demo</finalName>
</build>
</project>
编写spring-mvc.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 默认的注解映射的支持 ,它会自动注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping 与AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- enable autowire 向容器自动注册 -->
<context:annotation-config />
<!-- 设置使用注解的类所在的jar包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.tutorial" />
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />
</beans>
配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" metadata-complete="true" version="3.0">
<display-name>Spring MVC</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
编写Controller并测试
配置好spring-mvc.xml以及web.xml文件之后,咱们继续往下走~
因为,本文Spring MVC示例的作用主要用来暴露对外HTTP API接口,先写一个简单的ProductController,其包含一个按照id查询的方法。
Product.java和ProductController.java的内容如下:
Product.java
package com.xxx.tutorial.model;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
*
* @author wangmengjun
*
*/
public class Product implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**ID*/
private Long id;
/**产品名称*/
private String name;
/**产品型号*/
private String productClass;
/**产品ID*/
private String productId;
/**
* @return the id
*/
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
/**
* @param id
* the id to set
*/
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
/**
* @return the name
*/
public String getName() {
return name;
}
/**
* @param name
* the name to set
*/
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
/**
* @return the productClass
*/
public String getProductClass() {
return productClass;
}
/**
* @param productClass
* the productClass to set
*/
public void setProductClass(String productClass) {
this.productClass = productClass;
}
/**
* @return the productId
*/
public String getProductId() {
return productId;
}
/**
* @param productId
* the productId to set
*/
public void setProductId(String productId) {
this.productId = productId;
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see java.lang.Object#toString()
*/
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Product [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", productClass=" + productClass + ", productId=" + productId
+ "]";
}
}
ProductController.java
package com.xxx.tutorial.controller;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.xxx.tutorial.model.Product;
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = { "/api/product/"})
public class ProductController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ResponseEntity<Product> get(@PathVariable Long id) {
Product product = new Product();
product.setName("七级滤芯净水器");
product.setId(1L);
product.setProductClass("seven_filters");
product.setProductId("T12345");
return ResponseEntity.ok(product);
}
}
注:
鉴于是一个demo示例,所以没有写ProductService以及相关DAO, 直接在方法中返回固定的Product信息~
验证Spring MVC是否ok
完成Controller的代码,运行Spring MVC项目,然后,看一下Spring MVC是否运行ok,访问URL地址
http://localhost:8888/springfox-swagger-demo/api/product/1
- 出现错误
详细的错误信息如下:
五月 23, 2017 3:00:55 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke
严重: Servlet.service() for servlet [spring-mvc] in context with path [/springfox-swagger-demo] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: No converter found for return value of type: class com.xxx.tutorial.model.Product] with root cause
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: No converter found for return value of type: class com.xxx.tutorial.model.Product
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor.writeWithMessageConverters(AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor.java:187)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.HttpEntityMethodProcessor.handleReturnValue(HttpEntityMethodProcessor.java:203)
at org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite.handleReturnValue(HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite.java:81)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:132)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:827)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:738)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:85)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:963)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:897)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:970)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:861)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:624)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:846)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:731)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:197)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:170)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:957)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:423)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1079)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:620)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:316)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
解决方法,添加jackson-databind依赖包即可~
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.6.6</version>
</dependency>
重新启动,运行一下,成功返回信息~
为了看的更加清楚,可以使用postman来完成~, 如~
至此,一个简单的基于SpringMVC的Web项目已经创建,并能对外提供API接口~
接下来,我们要整合SpringFox和SwaggerUI到该SpringMVC项目中去,使其对外接口文档化
整合SpringFox-Swagger
SpringFox【SpringFox链接】已经可以代替Swagger-SpringMVC, 目前SpringFox同时支持Swagger 1.2 和 2.0.
在SpringMVC项目中整合SpringFox-Swagger只要如下几步即可~
- 添加SpringFox-Swagger依赖
- 添加SwaggerConfig
添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
<version>2.7.0</version>
</dependency>
添加SwaggerConfig
package com.xxx.tutorial.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
public class SwaggerConfig {
@Bean
public Docket api() {
return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
.select()
.apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.any())
.build()
.apiInfo(apiInfo());
}
private ApiInfo apiInfo() {
return new ApiInfoBuilder()
.title("对外开放接口API 文档")
.description("HTTP对外开放接口")
.version("1.0.0")
.termsOfServiceUrl("http://xxx.xxx.com")
.license("LICENSE")
.licenseUrl("http://xxx.xxx.com")
.build();
}
}
整合SpringFox-Swagger-UI
在SpringMVC项目中整合SpringFox-Swagger-UI也只要如下两个步骤即可~
- 添加SpringFox-Swagger-UI依赖
- 添加配置
添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
<version>2.7.0</version>
</dependency>
添加配置
在添加配置之前,一起来看一下swagger-ui中使用的静态资源文件(如swagger-ui.html )放在那里~
spingfox-swagger-ui-2.7.0.jar中的/META-INF/resources/下~ 如下图所示:
为了访问swagger-ui.html,我们配置对这些静态资源的访问~ 如:
package com.xxx.tutorial.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
public class WebAppConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry.addResourceHandler("swagger-ui.html").addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/");
}
}
该配置代码的效果和如下代码等价~
<mvc:resources mapping="swagger-ui.html" location="classpath:/META-INF/resources/" />
<mvc:resources mapping="/webjars/**"
location="classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/" />
在本文中,可以将其配置在spring-mvc.xml中,
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 默认的注解映射的支持 ,它会自动注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping 与AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- enable autowire 向容器自动注册 -->
<context:annotation-config />
<!-- 设置使用注解的类所在的jar包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.tutorial" />
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />
<mvc:resources mapping="swagger-ui.html" location="classpath:/META-INF/resources/" />
<mvc:resources mapping="/webjars/**"
location="classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/" />
</beans>
API接口说明代码添加并测试
经过上述几个步骤之后,之前写的ProductController的接口,就可以实现文档化了,如本文通过如下的访问地址访问:
http://localhost:8888/springfox-swagger-demo/swagger-ui.html
这个接口API雏形出来了,但是还缺少点东西,比如:接口方法的描述等都没有~
修改一下,ProductController.java内容,如:
package com.xxx.tutorial.controller;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.xxx.tutorial.model.Product;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = { "/api/product/" })
@Api(value = "/product", tags = "Product接口")
public class ProductController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ApiOperation(value = "根据id获取产品信息", notes = "根据id获取产品信息", httpMethod = "GET", response = Product.class)
public ResponseEntity<Product> get(@PathVariable Long id) {
Product product = new Product();
product.setName("七级滤芯净水器");
product.setId(1L);
product.setProductClass("seven_filters");
product.setProductId("T12345");
return ResponseEntity.ok(product);
}
}
重新访问,接口已经出现多个我们指定的描述信息~
在参数id栏中输入1,然后点击“try it out”按钮~ 可以查看接口调用结果~
至此一个简单的示例就完成了~
稍微增加几个接口
修改ProductController
package com.xxx.tutorial.controller;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.xxx.tutorial.model.Product;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiResponse;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiResponses;
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = { "/api/product/" })
@Api(value = "/product", tags = "Product接口")
public class ProductController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ApiOperation(value = "根据id获取产品信息", notes = "根据id获取产品信息", httpMethod = "GET", response = Product.class)
public ResponseEntity<Product> get(@PathVariable Long id) {
Product product = new Product();
product.setName("七级滤芯净水器");
product.setId(1L);
product.setProductClass("seven_filters");
product.setProductId("T12345");
return ResponseEntity.ok(product);
}
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ApiOperation(value = "添加一个新的产品")
@ApiResponses(value = { @ApiResponse(code = 405, message = "参数错误") })
public ResponseEntity<String> add(Product product) {
return ResponseEntity.ok("SUCCESS");
}
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.PUT)
@ApiOperation(value = "更新一个产品")
@ApiResponses(value = { @ApiResponse(code = 400, message = "参数错误") })
public ResponseEntity<String> update(Product product) {
return ResponseEntity.ok("SUCCESS");
}
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ApiOperation(value = "获取所有产品信息", notes = "获取所有产品信息", httpMethod = "GET", response = Product.class, responseContainer = "List")
public ResponseEntity<List<Product>> getAllProducts() {
Product product = new Product();
product.setName("七级滤芯净水器");
product.setId(1L);
product.setProductClass("seven_filters");
product.setProductId("T12345");
return ResponseEntity.ok(Arrays.asList(product, product));
}
}
swagger-ui展示
由上图可以看出,不同的method(GET / PUT / POST等)都会以不同的颜色展示出来~
Swagger-ui的添加,可以帮助他人查看接口信息,并在页面上进行输入参数来调用接口~
Maven工程的目录如下:
本文只是一个简单的整合示例,大家只要操作一下就能出来结果。
更加详细的文档,有兴趣的小伙伴可以访问swagger-ui的官网查看~