Linux C 开发配置文件读写库 Libconfig

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-28 11:08:55 发布

益达张先生

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-28 11:08:55 发布

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分类专栏： Linux C语言文章标签： libconfig 配置文件读写开源 C语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u011285208/article/details/90287983

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一：什么是Libconfig？

程序开发过程中往往很多参数需要放在配置文件中，因为这样可以避免更改代码重新编译的问题。通常我们可以通过自己读init文件来实现，不过已经有很多人做了这方面的东西，可以借用，Libconfig就是其中之一。

Libconfig是一个用于处理结构化配置文件的简单库。此文件格式比XML更紧凑，更易读，更适合内存受限的设备。与XML不同，它是类型感知的，因此不必在应用程序代码中进行字符串解析。该库支持C和C ++语言，适用于兼容POSIX的UNIX和类UNIX系统（GNU / Linux，Mac OS X，Solaris，FreeBSD），Android和Windows（2000，XP及更高版本）。

二：怎么使用？

1. 下载

http://www.hyperrealm.com/main.php?s=libconfig

https://gitee.com/helloerror/Development-kit/tree/master/Libconfig

2. 解压后执行

./configure

make

make install

3. 使用可以参考examples

4. 编译时加上 -lconfig++ 或者-lconfig 选项

三：会遇到的问题及注意事项

错误：
Error while loading shared library: libconfig++.so.9
解决方式
执行：sudo ldconfig -v
（往/lib和/usr/lib里面加东西，不用修改/etc/ld.so.conf，但要调一下ldconfig，否则可能这个library会找不到）

四、参考文献

http://www.hyperrealm.com/libconfig/libconfig_manual.html#The-C_002b_002b-API
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6792451/error-while-loading-shared-library-libconfig-so-9

程序代码包中examples目录下的相关示例！！！

五、简单测试

1. 配置文件用例example.cfg，内容如下：

// An example configuration file that stores information about a store.

// Basic store information:
name = "Books, Movies & More";

// Store inventory:
inventory =
{
  books = ( { title  = "Treasure Island";
              author = "Robert Louis Stevenson";
              price  = 29.99;
              qty    = 5; },
            { title  = "Snow Crash";
              author = "Neal Stephenson";
              price  = 9.99;
              qty    = 8; }
          );

  movies = ( { title = "Brazil";
               media = "DVD";
               price = 19.99;
               qty = 11; },
             { title = "The City of Lost Children";
               media = "DVD";
               price = 18.99;
               qty = 5; },
             { title = "Memento";
               media = "Blu-Ray";
               price = 24.99;
               qty = 20;
             },
             { title = "Howard the Duck"; }
           );
};

// Store hours:
hours =
{
  mon = { open =  9; close = 18; };
  tue = { open =  9; close = 18; };
  wed = { open =  9; close = 18; };
  thu = { open =  9; close = 18; };
  fri = { open =  9; close = 20; };
  sat = { open =  9; close = 20; };
  sun = { open = 11; close = 16; };
};

2. 源文件example1.c，内容如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <libconfig.h>

/* This example reads the configuration file 'example.cfg' and displays
 * some of its contents.
 */

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  config_t cfg;
  config_setting_t *setting;
  const char *str;

  config_init(&cfg);

  /* Read the file. If there is an error, report it and exit. */
  if(! config_read_file(&cfg, "example.cfg"))
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d - %s\n", config_error_file(&cfg),
            config_error_line(&cfg), config_error_text(&cfg));
    config_destroy(&cfg);
    return(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  /* Get the store name. 读取配置文件中的“Basic store information:”信息 */
  if(config_lookup_string(&cfg, "name", &str))
    printf("Store name: %s\n\n", str);
  else
    fprintf(stderr, "No 'name' setting in configuration file.\n");

  if(config_lookup_string(&cfg, "hours", &str))
    printf("Store hours: %s\n\n", str);
  else
    fprintf(stderr, "No 'hours' setting in configuration file.\n");


  /* Output a list of all books in the inventory. */
  setting = config_lookup(&cfg, "inventory.books");
  if(setting != NULL)
  {
    int count = config_setting_length(setting);
    int i;

    printf("%-30s  %-30s   %-6s  %s\n", "TITLE", "AUTHOR", "PRICE", "QTY");

    for(i = 0; i < count; ++i)
    {
      config_setting_t *book = config_setting_get_elem(setting, i);

      /* Only output the record if all of the expected fields are present. */
      const char *title, *author;
      double price;
      int qty;

      if(!(config_setting_lookup_string(book, "title", &title)
           && config_setting_lookup_string(book, "author", &author)
           && config_setting_lookup_float(book, "price", &price)
           && config_setting_lookup_int(book, "qty", &qty)))
        continue;

      printf("%-30s  %-30s  $%6.2f  %3d\n", title, author, price, qty);
    }
    putchar('\n');
  }

  /* Output a list of all movies in the inventory. */
  setting = config_lookup(&cfg, "inventory.movies");
  if(setting != NULL)
  {
    unsigned int count = config_setting_length(setting);
    unsigned int i;

    printf("%-30s  %-10s   %-6s  %s\n", "TITLE", "MEDIA", "PRICE", "QTY");
    for(i = 0; i < count; ++i)
    {
      config_setting_t *movie = config_setting_get_elem(setting, i);

      /* Only output the record if all of the expected fields are present. */
      const char *title, *media;
      double price;
      int qty;

      if(!(config_setting_lookup_string(movie, "title", &title)
           && config_setting_lookup_string(movie, "media", &media)
           && config_setting_lookup_float(movie, "price", &price)
           && config_setting_lookup_int(movie, "qty", &qty)))
        continue;

      printf("%-30s  %-10s  $%6.2f  %3d\n", title, media, price, qty);
    }
    putchar('\n');
  }

  config_destroy(&cfg);
  return(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

/* eof */

3. 编译

[root@localhost c]# gcc -lconfig example1.c
[root@localhost c]#

4. 运行

[root@localhost c]# ./a.out 
Store name: Books, Movies & More

No 'hours' setting in configuration file.
TITLE                           AUTHOR                           PRICE   QTY
Treasure Island                 Robert Louis Stevenson          $ 29.99    5
Snow Crash                      Neal Stephenson                 $  9.99    8

TITLE                           MEDIA        PRICE   QTY
Brazil                          DVD         $ 19.99   11
The City of Lost Children       DVD         $ 18.99    5
Memento                         Blu-Ray     $ 24.99   20

[root@localhost c]#