Oracle中使用Hint对目标SQL进行优化时几种被忽略的情况

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-13 17:33:26 发布

Lissen_Gan

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-13 17:33:26 发布

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分类专栏： Oracle 文章标签： oracle sql

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u011285708/article/details/104381470

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参考书籍:<<基于Oracle的SQL优化>> 作者：崔华

Hint实际上是一种特殊的注释，它一种固定的格式和位置出现在SQL语句的SQL文本中，它可以影响优化器对执行计划的选择，但这种选择并不是强制的，优化器在某些情况下会忽略目标SQL中的Hint，即使这个Hint的语法和语义都是有效的。

下面列举几种Oracle优化器会忽略目标SQL中的Hint的情况:

1、受关键字影响

查询几个关键字来进行测试，THIS不不是关键字
SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select keyword,length from v$reserved_words where keyword in ('THIS',',','IS','COMMENT');

KEYWORD        LENGTH
---------- ----------
COMMENT 	    7
,		    1
IS		    2

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>desc dept;
 Name							     Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------------------------- -------- -----------------------------------------
 DEPTNO 						     NOT NULL NUMBER(2)
 DNAME								      VARCHAR2(14)
 LOC								      VARCHAR2(13)

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select * from dept;

    DEPTNO DNAME	  LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
	10 ACCOUNTING	  NEW YORK
	20 RESEARCH	  DALLAS
	30 SALES	  CHICAGO
	40 OPERATIONS	  BOSTON

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>set autotrace traceonly;

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select deptno from dept;


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2913917002

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation	 | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time	   |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |	   |	 4 |	12 |	 1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  INDEX FULL SCAN | PK_DEPT |	 4 |	12 |	 1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
	 42  recursive calls
	  0  db block gets
	  6  consistent gets
	  0  physical reads
	  0  redo size
	618  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
	385  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
	  2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
	  0  sorts (memory)
	  0  sorts (disk)
	  4  rows processed

**使用Hint  full(dept)让表dept走全表扫描**
SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select /*+ full(dept) */deptno from dept;


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3383998547

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation	  | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time	 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |	 |     4 |    12 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| DEPT |     4 |    12 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
	  1  recursive calls
	  0  db block gets
	  7  consistent gets
	  0  physical reads
	  0  redo size
	618  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
	402  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
	  2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
	  0  sorts (memory)
	  0  sorts (disk)
	  4  rows processed

在Hint前加上关键字IS后full(dept) 失效了
SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select /*+ is full(dept) */deptno from dept;


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2913917002

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation	 | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time	   |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |	   |	 4 |	12 |	 1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  INDEX FULL SCAN | PK_DEPT |	 4 |	12 |	 1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
	190  recursive calls
	  0  db block gets
	326  consistent gets
	  0  physical reads
	  0  redo size
	618  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
	405  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
	  2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
	 47  sorts (memory)
	  0  sorts (disk)
	  4  rows processed

Hint前加上非关键字Hint生效
SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select /*+ THIS full(dept) */deptno from dept;


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3383998547

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation	  | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time	 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |	 |     4 |    12 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| DEPT |     4 |    12 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hint Report (identified by operation id / Query Block Name / Object Alias):
Total hints for statement: 1 (E - Syntax error (1))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

   1 -	SEL$1
	 E -  THIS


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
	  1  recursive calls
	  0  db block gets
	  7  consistent gets
	  0  physical reads
	  0  redo size
	618  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
	407  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
	  2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
	  0  sorts (memory)
	  0  sorts (disk)
	  4  rows processed

#将关键字放在Hint后 Hint生效
SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select /*+ full(dept) comment */deptno from dept;


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3383998547

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation	  | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time	 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |	 |     4 |    12 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| DEPT |     4 |    12 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
	  1  recursive calls
	  0  db block gets
	  7  consistent gets
	  0  physical reads
	  0  redo size
	618  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
	410  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
	  2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
	  0  sorts (memory)
	  0  sorts (disk)
	  4  rows processed

可以看出，如果要在Hint中使用注释，最好将注释放在Hint后，这样可以避免注释中如果出现关键字会忽略掉Hint的情况出现。

2、多个Hint之间自相矛盾

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select * from dept;

    DEPTNO DNAME	  LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
	10 ACCOUNTING	  NEW YORK
	20 RESEARCH	  DALLAS
	30 SALES	  CHICAGO
	40 OPERATIONS	  BOSTON

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select index_name from dba_indexes where table_name = 'DEPT' and owner = 'SCOTT';

INDEX_NAME
---------------
PK_DEPT

使用Hint让目标SQL走快速全扫描

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>set autotrace traceonly;
SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select /*+ index_ffs(d pk_dept) */deptno from dept d;


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2578398298

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation	     | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT     |	       |     4 |    12 |     2	 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| PK_DEPT |     4 |    12 |     2	 (0)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
	107  recursive calls
	  0  db block gets
	113  consistent gets
	  1  physical reads
	  0  redo size
	618  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
	414  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
	  2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
	  8  sorts (memory)
	  0  sorts (disk)
	  4  rows processed

加入Hint full(d)这和 index_ffs(d pk_dept)向矛盾所以2个Hint都失效

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select /*+ index_ffs(d pk_dept) full(d) */deptno from dept d;


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2913917002

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation	 | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time	   |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |	   |	 4 |	12 |	 1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  INDEX FULL SCAN | PK_DEPT |	 4 |	12 |	 1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hint Report (identified by operation id / Query Block Name / Object Alias):
Total hints for statement: 2 (U - Unused (2))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

   1 -	SEL$1 / D@SEL$1
	 U -  full(d) / hint conflicts with another in sibling query block
	 U -  index_ffs(d pk_dept) / hint conflicts with another in sibling query block


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
	 30  recursive calls
	  0  db block gets
	 39  consistent gets
	  0  physical reads
	  0  redo size
	618  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
	422  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
	  2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
	  5  sorts (memory)
	  0  sorts (disk)
	  4  rows processed

3、使用的Hint无效

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>desc emp;
 Name							     Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------------------------- -------- -----------------------------------------
 EMPNO							     NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
 ENAME								      VARCHAR2(10)
 JOB								      VARCHAR2(9)
 MGR								      NUMBER(4)
 HIREDATE							      DATE
 SAL								      NUMBER(7,2)
 COMM								      NUMBER(7,2)
 DEPTNO 							      NUMBER(2)

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>desc dept;
 Name							     Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------------------------- -------- -----------------------------------------
 DEPTNO 						     NOT NULL NUMBER(2)
 DNAME								      VARCHAR2(14)
 LOC								      VARCHAR2(13)

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>set autotrace traceonly;
SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select e.empno,e.ename,d.loc from emp e,dept d where e.deptno = d.deptno;

14 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 844388907

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation		     | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT	     |	       |    14 |   336 |     6	(17)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  MERGE JOIN		     |	       |    14 |   336 |     6	(17)| 00:00:01 |
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DEPT    |     4 |    44 |     2	 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |    INDEX FULL SCAN	     | PK_DEPT |     4 |       |     1	 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  4 |   SORT JOIN		     |	       |    14 |   182 |     4	(25)| 00:00:01 |
|   5 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL	     | EMP     |    14 |   182 |     3	 (0)| 00:00:01 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   4 - access("E"."DEPTNO"="D"."DEPTNO")
       filter("E"."DEPTNO"="D"."DEPTNO")


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
	 43  recursive calls
	  0  db block gets
	 78  consistent gets
	  0  physical reads
	  0  redo size
	975  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
	411  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
	  2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
	  5  sorts (memory)
	  0  sorts (disk)
	 14  rows processed

想让目标SQL走HASH连接

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select /*+ use_hash(d) */e.empno,e.ename,d.loc from emp e,dept d where e.deptno = d.deptno;

14 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 844388907

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation		     | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT	     |	       |    14 |   336 |     6	(17)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  MERGE JOIN		     |	       |    14 |   336 |     6	(17)| 00:00:01 |
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DEPT    |     4 |    44 |     2	 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |    INDEX FULL SCAN	     | PK_DEPT |     4 |       |     1	 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  4 |   SORT JOIN		     |	       |    14 |   182 |     4	(25)| 00:00:01 |
|   5 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL	     | EMP     |    14 |   182 |     3	 (0)| 00:00:01 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   4 - access("E"."DEPTNO"="D"."DEPTNO")
       filter("E"."DEPTNO"="D"."DEPTNO")

Hint Report (identified by operation id / Query Block Name / Object Alias):
Total hints for statement: 1 (U - Unused (1))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

   2 -	SEL$1 / D@SEL$1
	 U -  use_hash(d)


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
	  1  recursive calls
	  0  db block gets
	 10  consistent gets
	  0  physical reads
	  0  redo size
	975  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
	452  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
	  2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
	  1  sorts (memory)
	  0  sorts (disk)
	 14  rows processed

可以看出use_hash(d) Hint被忽略为什么？ 因为use_hash(被驱动表)而dept为驱动表，解决办法：修改为Hint use_hash(e)

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select /*+ use_hash(e) */e.empno,e.ename,d.loc from emp e,dept d where e.deptno = d.deptno;

14 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 615168685

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation	   | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time	  |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |	  |    14 |   336 |	6   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  HASH JOIN	   |	  |    14 |   336 |	6   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| DEPT |	4 |    44 |	3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP  |    14 |   182 |	3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - access("E"."DEPTNO"="D"."DEPTNO")


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
	 29  recursive calls
	  0  db block gets
	 80  consistent gets
	  0  physical reads
	  0  redo size
       1036  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
	452  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
	  2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
	  4  sorts (memory)
	  0  sorts (disk)
	 14  rows processed

或者结合leading来修改目标SQL的驱动表为emp

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select /*+ leading(e) use_hash(d) */e.empno,e.ename,d.loc from emp e,dept d where e.deptno = d.deptno;

14 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1123238657

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation	   | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time	  |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |	  |    14 |   336 |	6   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  HASH JOIN	   |	  |    14 |   336 |	6   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP  |    14 |   182 |	3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| DEPT |	4 |    44 |	3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - access("E"."DEPTNO"="D"."DEPTNO")


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
	  5  recursive calls
	  0  db block gets
	 13  consistent gets
	  0  physical reads
	  0  redo size
	975  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
	463  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
	  2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
	  0  sorts (memory)
	  0  sorts (disk)
	 14  rows processed

4、受到子查询转换干扰

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>create table jobs as select empno,job from emp;

Table created.

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select * from jobs;

     EMPNO JOB
---------- ----------
      7369 CLERK
      7499 SALESMAN
...

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>set autotrace traceonly;
SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select /*+ ordered cardinality(e 100) */ e.ename,j.job,e.sal,v.avg_sal from emp e,jobs j,(select /*+ merge */e.deptno,avg(e.sal) avg_sal from emp e,dept d where d.loc = 'CHICAGO' and d.deptno = e.deptno group by e.deptno) v where e.empno = j.empno and e.deptno = v.deptno and e.sal > v.avg_sal order by e.ename;


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2080994986

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation			 | Name   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time	  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT		 |	  |	9 |   531 |    13  (16)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  FILTER 			 |	  |	  |	  |	       |	  |
|   2 |   SORT GROUP BY 		 |	  |	9 |   531 |    13  (16)| 00:00:01 |
|*  3 |    HASH JOIN			 |	  |   167 |  9853 |    12   (9)| 00:00:01 |
|*  4 |     TABLE ACCESS FULL		 | DEPT   |	1 |    11 |	3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  5 |     HASH JOIN			 |	  |   500 | 24000 |	9  (12)| 00:00:01 |
|   6 |      MERGE JOIN 		 |	  |   100 |  4100 |	6  (17)| 00:00:01 |
|   7 |       TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP	  |   100 |  2900 |	2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   8 |        INDEX FULL SCAN		 | PK_EMP |    14 |	  |	1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  9 |       SORT JOIN 		 |	  |    14 |   168 |	4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|  10 |        TABLE ACCESS FULL	 | JOBS   |    14 |   168 |	3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|  11 |      TABLE ACCESS FULL		 | EMP	  |    14 |    98 |	3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("E"."SAL">SUM("E"."SAL")/COUNT("E"."SAL"))
   3 - access("D"."DEPTNO"="E"."DEPTNO")
   4 - filter("D"."LOC"='CHICAGO')
   5 - access("E"."DEPTNO"="E"."DEPTNO")
   9 - access("E"."EMPNO"="J"."EMPNO")
       filter("E"."EMPNO"="J"."EMPNO")


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
	143  recursive calls
	  5  db block gets
	312  consistent gets
	 11  physical reads
	924  redo size
	898  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
	680  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
	  2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
	 26  sorts (memory)
	  0  sorts (disk)
	  2  rows processed

分析：ordered Hint会让目标SQL 按照 emp jobs和内联视图v基表的执行顺序执行目标SQL的，但是内联视图和外部做了视图合并忽略掉了ordered Hint。

解决办法：内联视图v使用Hint no_merge不做视图合并

SCOTT@TNS_PDB01>select /*+ ordered cardinality(e 100) */ e.ename,j.job,e.sal,v.avg_sal from emp e,jobs j,(select /*+ no_merge */e.deptno,avg(e.sal) avg_sal from emp e,dept d where d.loc = 'CHICAGO' and d.deptno = e.deptno group by e.deptno) v where e.empno = j.empno and e.deptno = v.deptno and e.sal > v.avg_sal order by e.ename;


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 596742545

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation			 | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time	   |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT		 |	   |	 5 |   225 |	13  (24)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  SORT ORDER BY			 |	   |	 5 |   225 |	13  (24)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   HASH JOIN			 |	   |	 5 |   225 |	12  (17)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |    MERGE JOIN			 |	   |   100 |  2900 |	 6  (17)| 00:00:01 |
|   4 |     TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID  | EMP	   |   100 |  1700 |	 2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   5 |      INDEX FULL SCAN		 | PK_EMP  |	14 |	   |	 1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  6 |     SORT JOIN			 |	   |	14 |   168 |	 4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|   7 |      TABLE ACCESS FULL		 | JOBS    |	14 |   168 |	 3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   8 |    VIEW 			 |	   |	 3 |	48 |	 6  (17)| 00:00:01 |
|   9 |     HASH GROUP BY		 |	   |	 3 |	54 |	 6  (17)| 00:00:01 |
|  10 |      MERGE JOIN 		 |	   |	 5 |	90 |	 6  (17)| 00:00:01 |
|* 11 |       TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DEPT    |	 1 |	11 |	 2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|  12 |        INDEX FULL SCAN		 | PK_DEPT |	 4 |	   |	 1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 13 |       SORT JOIN 		 |	   |	14 |	98 |	 4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|  14 |        TABLE ACCESS FULL	 | EMP	   |	14 |	98 |	 3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("E"."DEPTNO"="V"."DEPTNO")
       filter("E"."SAL">"V"."AVG_SAL")
   6 - access("E"."EMPNO"="J"."EMPNO")
       filter("E"."EMPNO"="J"."EMPNO")
  11 - filter("D"."LOC"='CHICAGO')
  13 - access("D"."DEPTNO"="E"."DEPTNO")
       filter("D"."DEPTNO"="E"."DEPTNO")


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
	 73  recursive calls
	  0  db block gets
	140  consistent gets
	  1  physical reads
	  0  redo size
	898  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
	683  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
	  2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
	 15  sorts (memory)
	  0  sorts (disk)
	  2  rows processed

可以看出ordered、cadinality这两个Hint都生效了。

Lissen_Gan

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Oracle中使用Hint对目标SQL进行优化时几种被忽略的情况

参考书籍:<<基于Oracle的SQL优化>> 作者：崔华 Hint实际上是一种特殊的注释，它一种固定的格式和位置出现在SQL语句的SQL文本中，它可以影响优化器对执行计划的选择，但这种选择并不是强制的，优化器在某些情况下会忽略目标SQL中的Hint，即使这个Hint的语法和语义都是有效的。下面列举几种Oracle优化器会忽略目标SQL中的Hint的情况:1、受关键...
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