CentOS 7.8安装Anaconda并运行Jupyter

Anaconda介绍

Anaconda是一个开源的Python发行版本，其包含了conda、Python等以及上百个科学包及其依赖项，其中就包括数据处理最常用的numpy、pandas，爬虫比较常用的requests，以及例如Jupyter这种比较方便的B/S的IDE。
Anaconda相当于一个大礼包，安装后即把python安装好，同时又把常用的第三方库均安装完毕。本文介绍基于Centos7.8系统快速安装Anaconda，并启动Jupyter。

环境准备

1. CentOS7最小化安装后使用yum完成以下软件安装。

yum -y install net-tools
yum -y install iptables-services
yum -y install vim
yum -y install gcc*
yum -y install tcpdump
yum -y install lrzsz
yum -y install cmake
yum -y install bind-utils
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
yum -y install libffi-devel -y
yum -y install libxml*
yum -y install telnet
yum -y install git
yum -y install wget
yum -y install libtool
yum -y install libcap-devel
yum -y install ntpdate

2. 登录Anaconda的官网下载Linux版本。
   https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual#Downloads
   

安装Anaconda

1. 下载后的文件名称例如Anaconda3-2020.11-Linux-x86_64.sh，将此文件上传到Linux系统/root下，然后执行此脚本后中间会有几处输入yes确认的地方，安装成功后输入如下。

Thank you for installing Anaconda3!

===========================================================================

Working with Python and Jupyter notebooks is a breeze with PyCharm Pro,
designed to be used with Anaconda. Download now and have the best data
tools at your fingertips.

PyCharm Pro for Anaconda is available at: https://www.anaconda.com/pycharm

2. 执行命令source ~/.bashrc
   此命令执行完毕后，Linux的shell环境显示会有一些变化，但不影响使用。另外，linux系统可以执行conda命令，执行conda -V可以查看软件版本。

root@localhost ~]# source ~/.bashrc
(base) [root@localhost ~]# 

(base) [root@localhost ~]# con
conda              conda-convert      conda-develop      conda-index        conda-metapackage  conda-server       conda-verify       continue
conda-build        conda-debug        conda-env          conda-inspect      conda-render       conda-skeleton     consoletype        
(base) [root@localhost ~]# conda -V
conda 4.9.2
(base) [root@localhost ~]# 

3. 执行python回车，可进入python环境，本次实验显示3.8版本说明安装成功。

Jupyter安装及环境初始化

运行Jupyter

1. 执行命令jupyter notebook --ip=172.16.29.133 --allow-root命令执行后会有类似如下的信息输出。
   –ip代表jupyter的web服务监听的IP地址，默认监听的端口是8888
   –allow-root代表以root账号运行jupyter

(base) [root@bogon ~]# jupyter notebook --ip=172.16.29.133 --allow-root
[I 06:35:14.909 NotebookApp] JupyterLab extension loaded from /root/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/jupyterlab
[I 06:35:14.909 NotebookApp] JupyterLab application directory is /root/anaconda3/share/jupyter/lab
[I 06:35:14.911 NotebookApp] Serving notebooks from local directory: /root
[I 06:35:14.911 NotebookApp] Jupyter Notebook 6.1.4 is running at:
[I 06:35:14.911 NotebookApp] http://172.16.29.133:8888/?token=c505b07f059ac563be7f074630916b4738c81f3c1f9da01a
[I 06:35:14.911 NotebookApp]  or http://127.0.0.1:8888/?token=c505b07f059ac563be7f074630916b4738c81f3c1f9da01a
[I 06:35:14.911 NotebookApp] Use Control-C to stop this server and shut down all kernels (twice to skip confirmation).
[W 06:35:14.914 NotebookApp] No web browser found: could not locate runnable browser.
[C 06:35:14.915 NotebookApp] 
    
    To access the notebook, open this file in a browser:
        file:///root/.local/share/jupyter/runtime/nbserver-1385-open.html
    Or copy and paste one of these URLs:
        http://172.16.29.133:8888/?token=c505b07f059ac563be7f074630916b4738c81f3c1f9da01a
     or http://127.0.0.1:8888/?token=c505b07f059ac563be7f074630916b4738c81f3c1f9da01a

2. 复制http://172.16.29.133:8888/?token=c505b07f059ac563be7f074630916b4738c81f3c1f9da01a并用浏览器打开。
   

在Jupyter上编写helloworld

1. 单击New，新建一个目录，用于存放开发的python代码
   
2. 进入此目录下单击New，然后选择下拉菜单的Python3，并输入代码如下。
   
3. 单击运行按钮可执行当前单元格的代码，可以在Cell的下拉菜单中选择Run All运行该页面所有单元格的代码。
4. 单击File可以Download出.py的代码文件或者md文件，非常适合做每个模块的代码说明。

解决Jupyter多个python包import报错问题

在开发代码的过程中，我们通常会将python代码分成几个文件，并采用from ... import ...的形式。但因为Jupyter环境中默认将代码文件存在.ipynb格式的文件中，无法实现类似效果（会报错），所以要解决类似问题需要单独安装import_ipynb库。
执行pip3 install import_ipynb安装import_ipynb库，然后在python的代码文件中import此库后即可按照之前的习惯编写from ... import ...代码，并在Jupyter中调试运行。