ubuntu 的apt 命令详解

很多人都总结过这个，最近我也在学习总结下。

root@ubuntu:~# apt-
apt-cache             apt-config            apt-ftparchive        apt-key               apt-sortpkgs          
apt-cdrom             apt-extracttemplates  apt-get               apt-mark

apt 命令的引入就是为了解决命令过于分散的问题，它包括了 apt-get 命令出现以来使用最广泛的功能选项，以及 apt-cache 和 apt-config 命令中很少用到的功能。

在使用 apt 命令时，用户不必再由 apt-get 转到 apt-cache 或 apt-config，而且 apt 更加结构化，并为用户提供了管理软件包所需的必要选项。

简单来说就是：apt = apt-get、apt-cache 和 apt-config 中最常用命令选项的集合。

root@ubuntu:~# apt-cache --help
apt 1.6.14 (amd64)
Usage: apt-cache [options] command
       apt-cache [options] show pkg1 [pkg2 ...]

Most used commands:
  showsrc - Show source records
  search - Search the package list for a regex pattern
  depends - Show raw dependency information for a package
  rdepends - Show reverse dependency information for a package
  show - Show a readable record for the package
  pkgnames - List the names of all packages in the system
  policy - Show policy settings

root@ubuntu:~# apt-get --help
apt 1.6.14 (amd64)
Usage: apt-get [options] command
       apt-get [options] install|remove pkg1 [pkg2 ...]
       apt-get [options] source pkg1 [pkg2 ...]

Most used commands:
  update - Retrieve new lists of packages
  upgrade - Perform an upgrade
  install - Install new packages (pkg is libc6 not libc6.deb)
  remove - Remove packages
  purge - Remove packages and config files
  autoremove - Remove automatically all unused packages
  dist-upgrade - Distribution upgrade, see apt-get(8)
  dselect-upgrade - Follow dselect selections
  build-dep - Configure build-dependencies for source packages
  clean - Erase downloaded archive files
  autoclean - Erase old downloaded archive files
  check - Verify that there are no broken dependencies
  source - Download source archives
  download - Download the binary package into the current directory
  changelog - Download and display the changelog for the given package

root@ubuntu:~# apt-config --help
apt 1.6.14 (amd64)
Usage: apt-config [options] command

apt-config is an interface to the configuration settings used by
all APT tools, mainly intended for debugging and shell scripting.

Most used commands:
  shell - get configuration values via shell evaluation
  dump - show the active configuration setting