一些c++使用技巧

C++常用技巧

收集一些在工作中需要用到的C++知识，一方面是为了学习C++，一方面为了积累知识

1. 判断路径是否存在

    #include <windows.h>
    #include <direct.h>
    bool dirExists(const std::string& dirName_in)
    {
    	DWORD ftyp = GetFileAttributesA(dirName_in.c_str());
    	if (ftyp == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
    		return false;  //something is wrong with your path!
    
    	if (ftyp & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
    		return true;   // this is a directory!
    
    	return false;    // this is not a directory!
    
    }
    // 不存在路径就创建
	if (!dirExists(output_normal_val_path))
	{
		std::cout << output_normal_val_path << "not exist \n";
		_mkdir(output_normal_val_path.c_str());
		std::cout << "mkdir : " << output_normal_val_path << std::endl;
		//return 0;
	}

2. 获得文件路径中文件名

    std::string GetPathOrURLShortName(std::string strFullName)
	{
		if (strFullName.empty())
		{
			return "";
		}
		std::string::size_type iPos = strFullName.find_last_of('/') + 1;
		return strFullName.substr(iPos, strFullName.length() - iPos);
	}

	std::string  get_frameIndex(std::string path, std::string text="tracker")
	{
		if (path.empty())
		{
			return "";
		}
		std::string::size_type iPos = path.find_last_of('/') + 1;
		std::string file_name = path.substr(iPos, path.length() - iPos);	
		return file_name.substr(text.length(), 2);
	}

3. string 与 int之间的相互转化

    string --> int :  i = atoi(s.c_str())
    int --> string :  s = std::to_string(i) 
    
    string --> char :  char c = s[0]
    char -->string :   s = string(1, c)

4. C++ 读取json文件中数据

    #include <json/json.h>
    vlog_template.vec_lens.clear();
	Json::CharReaderBuilder builder;
	builder["collectComments"] = false;
	Json::Value jsonRoot;
	std::cout << "json file :" << json_path << std::endl;
	std::ifstream input(json_path, std::ios::binary);
	if (!input.is_open())
	{
		std::cout << "File Openned failure\n";
		return -1;
	}
	JSONCPP_STRING errs;
	if (!parseFromStream(builder, input, &jsonRoot, &errs)) //从ifs中读取数据到jsonRoot
	{
		std::cout << "Json data read Failure\n";
		return -2;
	}
	//std::string jsonStr = jsonRoot.toStyledString(); //json字符串
	vlog_template.versoin = jsonRoot["version"].asString();

	Json::Value timeRoot = jsonRoot["times"];
	vlog_template.vec_time.clear();
	for (auto iter = timeRoot.begin(); iter != timeRoot.end(); iter++)
	{
		vlog_template.vec_time.push_back((*iter).asFloat());
	}
	vlog_template.vec_lens.clear();
	Json::Value logicRoot = jsonRoot["logic"];
	for (auto logic_id = 0; logic_id < logicRoot.size(); logic_id++)
	{
		LensLogic  lens_logic;
		lens_logic.lens_name = logicRoot[logic_id]["lens_name"].asString();
		lens_logic.lens_templ = logicRoot[logic_id]["template"].asString();
		vlog_template.vec_lens.push_back(lens_logic);
	}

5. 读取文件：中文乱码

    
string UTF8ToGB(const char* str)
{
	string result;
	WCHAR *strSrc;
	LPSTR szRes;

	//获得临时变量的大小
	int i = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str, -1, NULL, 0);
	strSrc = new WCHAR[i + 1];
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str, -1, strSrc, i);

	//获得临时变量的大小
	i = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, strSrc, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
	szRes = new CHAR[i + 1];
	WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, strSrc, -1, szRes, i, NULL, NULL);

	result = szRes;
	delete[]strSrc;
	delete[]szRes;

	return result;
}
	
	std::string  output_path ="//192.168.2.59/sdc/datasets/panorama_tripod/";
	ifstream ifs2("D:/JLCAI/insta360/myself/ML/code/tensorflow/cubeMap/1.txt");
	std::vector<std::string> imgs_path;


	std::string temp;
	cv::Mat out;
	int i = 0;
	while (std::getline(ifs2, temp))
	{
		string str = UTF8ToGB(temp.c_str()).c_str();
		//对每一行进行操作。
		cout << str << "\n";
		cv::Mat img = cv::imread(str);
		int width = img.cols;
		int height = img.rows;
		if (width == height)
		{
			out = img(cv::Rect(0, 0, width, height / 2));
		}
		else if (width == height * 2)
		{
			img.copyTo(out);
		}
		cv::imwrite(output_path + to_string(i) + ".jpg", out);
		i++;

	}

6. 分割字符串

std::vector<std::string> splitWithStl(const std::string &str, const std::string &pattern)
{
	std::vector<std::string> resVec;

	if ("" == str)
	{
		return resVec;
	}
	//方便截取最后一段数据
	std::string strs = str + pattern;

	size_t pos = strs.find(pattern);
	size_t size = strs.size();

	while (pos != std::string::npos)
	{
		std::string x = strs.substr(0, pos);
		resVec.push_back(x);
		strs = strs.substr(pos + 1, size);
		pos = strs.find(pattern);
	}

	return resVec;
}
示例：
std::string test = "This is test code";
std::vector<std::string> vec = splitWithStl(test, " ");
for(int i=0; i < vec.size(); i++)
{
    std::cout << vec[i]<<std::endl;
}
result:
This
is
test
code

7. C++计算运算时长

方法1： time
#include <ctime>  // <time.h>
const clock_t start_time = clocl();
...
float cast_time = float(clock() - start_time)/ CLOCKS_PER_SEC ;  //以秒为单位
备注：CLOCKS_PER_SEC  用来表示一秒钟会有多少个时钟计时单元

方法2：