OkHttp使用总结:

Android系统提供了两种HTTP通信类，HttpURLConnection和HttpClient。但HttpURLConnection太难用，而Google又在Android 6.0删除了HttpClient的相关API，那么有没有更好用的http请求客户端呢，答案是肯定的，那就是OkHttp，大名鼎鼎的Square开发的，你值得拥有。

OkHttp 处理了很多网络疑难杂症：会从很多常用的连接问题中自动恢复。如果您的服务器配置了多个IP地址，当第一个IP连接失败的时候，OkHttp会自动尝试下一个IP。OkHttp还处理了代理服务器问题和SSL握手失败问题。

下面简单说下怎么使用：

1.导包，使用AS的话直接在gradle中进行配置，由于OkHttp依赖OkIO所以想要的Okio也要导入：

compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.4.1'
compile 'com.squareup.okio:okio:1.9.0'

2.简单的get请求

请求分2种，异步enqueue（）和同步execute（），同步请求会阻塞线程，但是异步请求的onResponse工作在子线程中，所以要更新UI需要使用Handler。

onResponse回调的参数是response，一般情况下，比如我们希望获得返回的字符串，可以通过response.body().string()获取；如果希望获得返回的二进制字节数组，则调用response.body().bytes()；如果你想拿到返回的inputStream，则调用response.body().byteStream()

        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
        Request request = new Request.Builder().url("http://www.baidu.com").build();
        Call call = client.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("rep >>> " + response.body().string());
            }
        });

3.简单的post请求

3.1 携带参数，提交键值对

okhttp3.FormBody instead of FormEncodingBuilder.（OkHttp3.x，FormEncodingBuilder已被FormBody取代）

        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
        FormBody body = new FormBody.Builder()
                .add("a","上海市")
                .add("aa","松江区")
                .add("aaa","车墩镇")
                .build();
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("http://gc.ditu.aliyun.com/geocoding")
                .post(body)
                .build();
        Call call = client.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("rep >>> " + response.body().string());
            }
        });

3.2 提交字符串数据，但不建议发送超过1M的文本信息

        public static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_JSON = MediaType.parse("\"application/json; charset=utf-8\"");
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
        String json = "{'username':'张三','age':'18','sex':'男'}";
        RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_JSON,json);
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("http://gc.ditu.aliyun.com/geocoding")
                .post(body)
                .build();
        Call call = client.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("rep >>> " + response.body().string());
            }
        });<span style="color:#FF0000;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">
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3.3 提交一个文件

        public static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
        File file = new File("README.md");
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("https://api.github.com/markdown/raw")
                .post(RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN, file))
                .build();
        Call call = client.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {

            }
        });

4. 通过OkHttpClient设置请求超时时间，缓存，拦截器，代理，SSL，验证等配置

        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .writeTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .readTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .build();

5. 通过Request设置请求头信息

okhttp3添加请求头，需要在Request.Builder()使用.header(String key,String value)或者.addHeader(String key,String value);
使用.header(String key,String value)，如果key已经存在，将会移除该key对应的value，然后将新value添加进来，即替换掉原来的value；
使用.addHeader(String key,String value)，即使当前的可以已经存在值了，只会添加新value的值，并不会移除/替换原来的值。

    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://api.github.com/repos/square/okhttp/issues")
        .header("User-Agent", "OkHttp Headers.java")
        .addHeader("Accept", "application/json; q=0.5")
        .addHeader("Accept", "application/vnd.github.v3+json")
        .build();

6. 认证

OkHttp会自动重试未验证的请求。当响应是401 Not Authorized时，Authenticator会被要求提供证书。

        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .authenticator(new Authenticator() {
                    @Override
                    public Request authenticate(Route route, Response response) throws IOException {
                        String auth = Credentials.basic("username", "password");
                        return response.request().newBuilder().header("Authorization",auth).build();
                    }
                })
                .build();
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("http://www.baidu.com")
                .build();
        Call call = client.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {

            }
        });