Elasticsearch系列-搜索操作

指定查询的索引

语法	范围
/_search	集群上所有索引
/index1/_search	index1
/index1,index2/_search	index1和index2
/index*/_search	以index开头的索引

URl查询

查询参数：

• q： 指定查询语句，使用 Query String Syntax
• df： 默认字段，不指定时，会对所有字段进行查询
• sort：排序
• from 和size： 用于分页
• profile： 可以查看查询是如何执行的

Query String Syntax

• 指定字段：q=title:2012
• 泛查询：q=2012
• Term&Phrase：
  • Beautiful Mind 等效于Beautiful OR Mind
  • “Beautiful Mind” 等效于Beautiful AND Mind。Phrase查询，要求前后顺序保持一致
• 分组与引号：
  • title:(Beautiful AND Mind)
  • title=“Beautiful Mind”
• 布尔操作：
  • AND OR NOT 或者 && || !
    • 必须大写
    • title:(matrix NOT reloaded)
• 分组
  • +表示must
  • -表示must_not
  • title:(+matrix -reloaded)
• 范围查询：区间表示：[]闭区间，{}开区间
  • year:{2019 TO 2018]
  • year:[* TO 2018]
• 算数符号：> >= < <= !
• 通配符查询：?代表一个字符，*代表0或多个字符
  • title:mi?d
  • title:be*
• 正则表达式：title:[bt]oy
• 模糊匹配与近似查询：
  • title:befutifl~1
  • title:“lord rings”~2

相关示例（通过kibana开发工具）：

//全文搜索，只返回前10条数据
GET /movies/_search


//全文搜索，会匹配所有字段
GET /movies/_search?q=2012
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//全文搜索，会匹配所有字段
GET /movies/_search?q="2012"
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//匹配title字段
GET /movies/_search?q=title:2012
{
  "profile": "true"
}
//匹配title字段
GET /movies/_search?q=2012&df=title
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//匹配title字段是 "2012 2011" 不会做分词匹配
GET /movies/_search?q=title:"2012 2011"
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//匹配title字段是2012或者2011的数据  OR必须大写
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(2012 OR 2011)
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//匹配title字段是 2012并且包含2011 AND必须大写
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(2012 AND 2011)
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//匹配title字段是2012 和 所有字段匹配2011
GET /movies/_search?q=title:2012 2011
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//通配符匹配ti开头的字段是2012
GET /movies/_search?q=2012&df=ti*
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//通配符匹配title字段是201开头
GET /movies/_search?q=title:201*
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//通配符匹配ti开头的字段是2012 通配符前面添加 "\"做转义
GET /movies/_search?q=ti\*:2012
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//匹配title字段不为null的数据
GET /movies/_search?q=_exists_:title
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//匹配title字段为kony的数据
GET /movies/_search?q=title:kony
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//匹配title字段为kony的数据 并允许有两位字符误差 "~" 默认运行两位误差
GET /movies/_search?q=title:kony~
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//匹配title字段为koey的数据 并允许有一位字符误差 "~" 默认运行两位误差
GET /movies/_search?q=title:koey~1
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//匹配year >= 2011 并且 <=2013的数据
GET /movies/_search?q=year:(>=2011 AND <=2013)
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//匹配year 2012以上的信息
GET /movies/_search?q=year:[2012 TO *]
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//匹配year >= 2011 并且 <=2013的数据
GET /movies/_search?q=year:[2012 TO 2014]
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//title字段必须含有matrix 并且必须不包含reloaded
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(+matrix AND -reloaded)
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//多字段查询
GET /movies/_search?q=(title:bingo OR id:150092)
{
  "profile": "true"
}

//多字段查询
GET /movies/_search?q=(title:bingo AND id:150092)
{
  "profile": "true"
}

Request Body查询

sort排序

GET /movies/_search
{
  "sort": [
    {"year": "desc"},
    {"title.keyword": "asc"}
  ]
}

from，size分页

from从0开始，size默认10条

GET /movies/_search
{
  "from": 0,
  "size": 20
}

_source 过滤字段

GET /movies/_search
{
  "_source": "title"
}
//source只返回title,year字段
GET /movies/_search
{
  "_source": ["title","year"]
}

match表达式

//查询title字段同时含有charley moon值
GET /movies/_search
{
  "profile": "true", 
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": {
        "query": "charley moon",
        "operator": "and"
      }
    }
  }
}

match_phrase 分词表达式

GET /movies/_search
{
  "from": 0, 
  "size": 20, 
  "profile": "true",
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "title": {
        "query": "mind murder",
        "slop": 1
      }
    }
  }
}

query string表达式

query 字段赋值参照Query String Syntax

GET /movies/_search
{
  "profile": "true",
  "query": {
    "query_string": {
      "default_field": "title",
      "query": "charley moon",
      "default_operator": "AND"
    }
  }
}

GET /movies/_search
{
  "profile": "true",
  "query": {
    "query_string": {
      "default_field": "title",
      "query": "charley AND moon"
    }
  }
}

simple query string

query 字段赋值参照Query String Syntax

GET /movies/_search
{
  "profile": "true",
  "query": {
    "simple_query_string": {
      "query": "charley moon",
      "fields": ["title"],
      "default_operator": "AND"
    }
  }
}

GET /movies/_search
{
  "profile": "true",
  "query": {
    "simple_query_string": {
      "query": "+charley -moon",
      "fields": ["title"],
      "default_operator": "AND"
    }
  }
}