由于CentOS 7 将MySQL 全部都改成了mariadb。所以在CentOS 下yum安装mysql是没有用的。虽然还是有一大堆软件包叫做mysql。
mysql-community-release.noarch el7-5 installed php-mysql.x86_64 5.4.16-23.el7_0.3 @RHEL akonadi-mysql.x86_64 1.9.2-4.el7 RHEL dovecot-mysql.x86_64 1:2.2.10-4.el7_0.1 RHEL libdbi-dbd-mysql.x86_64 0.8.3-16.el7 RHEL mysql-connector-java.noarch 1:5.1.25-3.el7 RHEL mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 5.2.5-6.el7 RHEL qt-mysql.i686 1:4.8.5-8.el7 RHEL qt-mysql.x86_64 1:4.8.5-8.el7 RHEL
不过不用担心。mariadb和mysql几乎是一样的。首先,mariadb就是由mysql的创始人负责维护的。而mariadb就是mysql创始人女儿的名字。
首先第一步,安装mariadb!!!
1.安装mariadb
<span style="font-size:18px;">[root@ns ftp]# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server 已加载插件:product-id, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. </span>
2.改密码
下面的操作之前一定要记得先启动mariadb
systemctl start mariadb
注意,这里的root和Linux 的root没半毛钱关系.maria的初始密码默认是空的。需要你改一下的。不改也能登陆,就是不安全而已,你的库不要密码就能登陆,很可怕
改密码
[root@ns ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password zhelitianmima Enter password: [root@ns ~]#
后面那个zhelitianmima是你要改的密码。Enter password那里直接回车就好了
登陆mariadb
补充一点。mysql的密码都在mysql这个库里面,有一张表叫user,这里管理了可以登陆数据库 的用户
<span style="font-size:18px;">MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW TABLES FROM mysql; +---------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql | +---------------------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | event | | func | | general_log | | help_category | | help_keyword | | help_relation | | help_topic | | host | | ndb_binlog_index | | plugin | | proc | | procs_priv | | proxies_priv | | servers | | slow_log | | tables_priv | | time_zone | | time_zone_leap_second | | time_zone_name | | time_zone_transition | | time_zone_transition_type | | user | +---------------------------+ 24 rows in set (0.00 sec)</span> <span style="font-size:18px;"> </span>
<span style="font-size:18px;">MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT User,Host,Password FROM mysql.user; +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | User | Host | Password | +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | localhost | *3C0631D77CED7755AD5677173D2155BE7D1E514F | | root | ns.server | | | root | 127.0.0.1 | | | root | ::1 | | | | localhost | | | | ns.server | | | suse | % | *45AC16EC077811822DE5C6C4DDB499641E9C817E | +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)</span>
再教一个改密码的方式吧(就是mysql_secure_installation这个命令)
[root@ns ~]# mysql_secure_installation /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
介绍几个基本的命令
show databases; 显示数据库 use mysql; 进入数据库 show tables; 显示数据库中的表 desc user; 查看user表的数据结构 flush privileges; 刷新数据库信息 select host.user,password from user; 查询user表中的host,user,password字段
show databases; 显示数据库
use mysql; 进入数据库
show tables; 显示示数据库中的表
desc user; 查看user表的数据结构
flush privileges; 刷新数据库信息
select host.user,password from user; 查询user表中的host,user,password字段
create database westos; 创建westos数据库 use westos; create table linux( 创建表,username,password字段 username varchar(15) not null, password varchar(15) not null ); select * from mysql.user; 查询mysql库下的user表中的所以 alter table linux add age varchar(4); 添加age字段到linux表中 ALTER TABLE linux DROP age 删除age字段 ALTER TABLE linux ADD age VARCHAR(5) AFTER name 在name字段后添加字段age
有个问题。要是忘了数据库的超级用户密码怎么办呢
<span style="font-size:18px;">[root@ns ~]# systemctl stop mariadb [root@ns ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &>/dev/null & [3] 2660 [root@ns ~]# mysql -u root Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.41-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> </span>
看吧不用输入密码就直接可以进入mysql了(就不叫mariadb了。叫mysql顺口了) 接下来就改mysql那个数据库里的user下的root的密码吧
就是这个sql语句(我将密码改为了123,放心是加密的,不信看看)
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT User,Host,Password FROM mysql.user; +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | User | Host | Password | +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | localhost | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 | | root | ns.server | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 | | root | 127.0.0.1 | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 | | root | ::1 | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 | | | localhost | | | | ns.server | | | suse | % | *45AC16EC077811822DE5C6C4DDB499641E9C817E | +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
为了安全,看看端口上有没有mysql的端口
[root@ns etc]# nmap localhost Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2016-11-27 22:24 CST Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1) Host is up (0.000026s latency). Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): 127.0.0.1 Not shown: 995 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 21/tcp open ftp 22/tcp open ssh 25/tcp open smtp 80/tcp open http 3306/tcp open mysql Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.12 seconds
改了之后退出来杀掉所有跟mysql相关的进程。咋杀我就不说了阿
那我要是不想别人远程登陆我的数据库怎么办呢
修改/etc/my.cnf 在第11行加上skip-networking=1,再重启mysql。
systemctl restart mariadb
1 [mysqld] 2 datadir=/var/lib/mysql 3 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 4 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks 5 symbolic-links=0 6 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. 7 # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, 8 # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the 9 # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd 10 11 skip-networking=1 12 [mysqld_safe] 13 log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log 14 pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid 15 # 16 # include all files from the config directory 17 # 18 !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d 19
关于数据库的sql语句就不在这里细说了。直接说如何直接以图形的方式管理数据库吧
1.现在网上下一个phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2这个软件包
2.再在yum安装PHP php-mysql http 这3款软件
3.在/var/www/html下解压缩phpMyAdmin
4.在phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages这个目录中的config.sample.inc.php下找个
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = ‘随便填个值’ 并将config.sample.inc.php 改名为config.inc.php
关闭防火墙。
得到上面的图形
以图形方式管理数据库