java8 日期时间类

• Instant：瞬时实例。
• LocalDate：本地日期，不包含具体时间 例如：2014-01-14 可以用来记录生日、纪念日、加盟日等。
• LocalTime：本地时间，不包含日期。
• LocalDateTime：组合了日期和时间，但不包含时差和时区信息。
• ZonedDateTime：最完整的日期时间，包含时区和相对UTC或格林威治的时差。
  新API还引入了 ZoneOffSet 和 ZoneId 类，使得解决时区问题更为简便。解析、格式化时间的 DateTimeFormatter 类也全部重新设计。

常用API

LocalDate

获取年月日:

getYear,getMonthValue,getDayOfMonth

生成特定日期:

LocalDate.of(2018, 01, 21);

判断日期相等:

date1.equals(date2)

比较日期先后:

isBefore() 和 isAfter() 

检查闰年:

today.isLeapYear()

格式化:

LocalDate.parse(dayAfterTommorrow, DateTimeFormatter.BASIC_ISO_DATE);

MonthDay和YearMonth

只包含月日或者年月的类,是不可变并且线程安全的值类型。
可以用来判断不同日期所在的月日或者年月是否相等:

MonthDay day1= MonthDay.of(date1.getMonth(), date1.getDayOfMonth());
MonthDay day2= MonthDay.from(date2);
boolean eq = day1.equals(day2);
YearMonth.now().lengthOfMonth(); // 获取当前月的天数
YearMonth month = YearMonth.of(2028, Month.FEBRUARY); // 生成年月对象

LocalTime

只有时间没有日期,默认的格式是hh:mm:ss:nnn。
加时:
这些方法返回一个全新的LocalTime实例

LocalTime time = LocalTime.now();
LocalTime newTime = time.plusHours(2); // 增加两小时

ChronoUnit 时间单位

枚举类,包含年月日时分秒毫秒等枚举值,可以结合LocalDate和LocalTime等类修改时间:

LocalDate nextWeek = today.plus(1, ChronoUnit.WEEKS);    // 一周后的日期
LocalDate previousYear = today.minus(1, ChronoUnit.YEARS); // 一年前的今天

Clock时钟类

用于获取当前时间戳:

Clock clock = Clock.systemUTC();
System.out.println(clock.millis());

Period 时间间隔

Period period= Period.between(date1, date2);
int days = period.getDays();
int months = period.getMonths();
int years = period.getYears();

import java.time.Clock;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.Month;
import java.time.MonthDay;
import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
import java.time.ZoneOffset;
import java.time.Period;
import java.time.YearMonth;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
import java.util.Date;

public class DateTest {

    //获取今天的日期
    public void getCurrentDate(){
        LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
        System.out.println("Today's Local date : " + today);

        //这个是作为对比
        Date date = new Date();
        System.out.println(date);
    }

    //获取年、月、日信息
    public void getDetailDate(){
        LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
        int year = today.getYear();
        int month = today.getMonthValue();
        int day = today.getDayOfMonth();

        System.out.printf("Year : %d  Month : %d  day : %d t %n", year, month, day);
    }

    //处理特定日期
    public void handleSpecilDate(){
        LocalDate dateOfBirth = LocalDate.of(2018, 01, 21);
        System.out.println("The specil date is : " + dateOfBirth);
    }

    //判断两个日期是否相等
    public void compareDate(){
        LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
        LocalDate date1 = LocalDate.of(2018, 01, 21);

        if(date1.equals(today)){
            System.out.printf("TODAY %s and DATE1 %s are same date %n", today, date1);
        }
    }

    //处理周期性的日期
    public void cycleDate(){
        LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
        LocalDate dateOfBirth = LocalDate.of(2018, 01, 21);

        MonthDay birthday = MonthDay.of(dateOfBirth.getMonth(), dateOfBirth.getDayOfMonth());
        MonthDay currentMonthDay = MonthDay.from(today);

        if(currentMonthDay.equals(birthday)){
           System.out.println("Many Many happy returns of the day !!");
        }else{
           System.out.println("Sorry, today is not your birthday");
        }
    }

    //获取当前时间
    public void getCurrentTime(){
        LocalTime time = LocalTime.now();
        System.out.println("local time now : " + time);
    }

    //增加小时
    public void plusHours(){
        LocalTime time = LocalTime.now();
        LocalTime newTime = time.plusHours(2); // 增加两小时
        System.out.println("Time after 2 hours : " +  newTime);
    }

    //如何计算一周后的日期
    public void nextWeek(){
        LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
        LocalDate nextWeek = today.plus(1, ChronoUnit.WEEKS);
        System.out.println("Today is : " + today);
        System.out.println("Date after 1 week : " + nextWeek);
    }

    //计算一年前或一年后的日期
    public void minusDate(){
        LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
        LocalDate previousYear = today.minus(1, ChronoUnit.YEARS);
        System.out.println("Date before 1 year : " + previousYear);

        LocalDate nextYear = today.plus(1, ChronoUnit.YEARS);
        System.out.println("Date after 1 year : " + nextYear);
    }

    public void clock(){
        // 根据系统时间返回当前时间并设置为UTC。
        Clock clock = Clock.systemUTC();
        System.out.println("Clock : " + clock);

        // 根据系统时钟区域返回时间
        Clock defaultClock = Clock.systemDefaultZone();
        System.out.println("Clock : " + clock);
    }

    //如何用Java判断日期是早于还是晚于另一个日期
    public void isBeforeOrIsAfter(){
        LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();

        LocalDate tomorrow = LocalDate.of(2018, 1, 29);
        if(tomorrow.isAfter(today)){
            System.out.println("Tomorrow comes after today");
        }

        LocalDate yesterday = today.minus(1, ChronoUnit.DAYS);

        if(yesterday.isBefore(today)){
            System.out.println("Yesterday is day before today");
        }
    }

    //时区处理
    public void getZoneTime(){
        //设置时区
        ZoneId america = ZoneId.of("America/New_York");

        LocalDateTime localtDateAndTime = LocalDateTime.now();

        ZonedDateTime dateAndTimeInNewYork  = ZonedDateTime.of(localtDateAndTime, america );
        System.out.println("现在的日期和时间在特定的时区 : " + dateAndTimeInNewYork);
    }

    //使用 YearMonth类处理特定的日期
    public void checkCardExpiry(){
        YearMonth currentYearMonth = YearMonth.now();
        System.out.printf("Days in month year %s: %d%n", currentYearMonth, currentYearMonth.lengthOfMonth());

        YearMonth creditCardExpiry = YearMonth.of(2028, Month.FEBRUARY);
        System.out.printf("Your credit card expires on %s %n", creditCardExpiry);
    }

    //检查闰年
    public void isLeapYear(){
        LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
        if(today.isLeapYear()){
           System.out.println("This year is Leap year");
        }else {
            System.out.println("2018 is not a Leap year");
        }
    }

    //计算两个日期之间的天数和月数
    public void calcDateDays(){
        LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();

        LocalDate java8Release = LocalDate.of(2018, Month.MAY, 14);

        Period periodToNextJavaRelease = Period.between(today, java8Release);

        System.out.println("Months left between today and Java 8 release : "
                                           + periodToNextJavaRelease.getMonths() );
    }

    // 包含时差信息的日期和时间
    public void ZoneOffset(){
        LocalDateTime datetime = LocalDateTime.of(2018, Month.FEBRUARY, 14, 19, 30);
        ZoneOffset offset = ZoneOffset.of("+05:30");
        OffsetDateTime date = OffsetDateTime.of(datetime, offset);
        System.out.println("Date and Time with timezone offset in Java : " + date);
    }

    // 获取时间戳
    public void getTimestamp(){
        Instant timestamp = Instant.now();
        System.out.println("What is value of this instant " + timestamp);
    }

    // 使用预定义的格式化工具去解析或格式化日期
    public void formateDate(){
        String dayAfterTommorrow = "20180210";
        LocalDate formatted = LocalDate.parse(dayAfterTommorrow, DateTimeFormatter.BASIC_ISO_DATE);
        System.out.printf("Date generated from String %s is %s %n", dayAfterTommorrow, formatted);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DateTest dt = new DateTest();

        dt.formateDate();
    }

}